[关键词]
[摘要]
目的 考察红参皂苷组分A和B对大鼠血浆中15种神经化学物质水平的影响。方法 将红参总皂苷经大孔吸附树脂分离纯化制备得到皂苷组分A和B,采用高效液相色谱-质谱法(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS)测定其中皂苷成分的组成和量,并采用超高效液相色谱-三重四级杆质谱(UPLC-QQQ-MS/MS)测定大鼠血浆中多巴胺(DA)、肾上腺素(E)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、5-羟色胺(5-HT)、5-羟吲哚乙酸(5-HIAA)、酪氨酸(Tyr)、甘氨酸(Gly)、谷氨酸(Glu)、谷氨酰胺(Gln)、天冬氨酸(Asp)、牛磺酸(Tau)、丝氨酸(Ser)、色氨酸(Try)、乙酰胆碱(Ach)、组胺(His)共15种神经化学物质的量及其变化情况。结果 通过对皂苷组成和量与神经化学物质之间的内在联系分析,发现组分A和B在皂苷成分组成方面存在明显差异,极性较大皂苷类成分主要集中在组分A中,而组分B中含有的皂苷成分极性相对较小。组分A各剂量组的大鼠血浆中Ach、Tau、Glu、Gln、Asp、Tyr、E、NE、DA的量升高,组分B各剂量组的大鼠血浆中Gly、His、5-HT、Ser、5-HIAA、Try的量显著升高,并且与给药剂量呈正相关趋势,提示极性较大皂苷组分可提高兴奋性神经化学物质的量,而极性较小皂苷组分表现为提高抑制性神经化学物质的量。结论 红参皂苷对中枢神经化学物质的量具有调节作用,极性较小的皂苷组分与保持大脑活动、改善记忆功能、防止脑部疲劳、维持觉醒状态和神经系统抗衰老等作用相关性较大,而极性较大的皂苷组分与调节精神节律、削弱应激反应和改善睡眠等作用相关性较大。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
Objective To investigate the effects of red ginseng saponin components A and B on 15 neurochemicals in rat plasma. Methods Saponin components A and B were prepared from red ginseng total saponin by macroporous adsorption resin. The composition and contents of saponin components A and B were detected using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS method. A total of 15 kinds of neurochemical substances such as dopamine (DA), adrenaline (E), norepinephrine (NE), serotonin (5-HT), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-hydroxytryptamine), tyrosine (Tyr), glycine (Gly), glutamic acid (Glu), glutamine (Gln), aspartic acid (Asp), taurine (Tau), serine (Ser), tryptophan (Try), acetylcholine (Ach), and histamine (His) were measured by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-QQQ-MS/MS). Results By analyzing the intrinsic relationship between saponin composition and amount of neurochemicals, it was found that components A and B had significant differences in saponin composition, and the larger polar saponins were mainly concentrated in component A. The polar of saponin contained in B is relatively small. The levels of Ach, Tau, Glu, Gln, Asp, Tyr, E, NE, and DA in rat plasma of each dose group were increased, and the plasma levels of Gly, His, 5-HT, Ser, HIAA, and Try were significantly increased and positively correlated with the dose, suggesting that the larger polar saponins could increase the excitatory neurochemical content and the smaller saponin fraction inhibitory neurochemicals. Conclusion Red ginseng has a moderating effect on the content of central nervous system. The content of smaller polar saponins is related to the maintenance of brain activity, improvement of memory function, prevention of brain fatigue, maintenance of awakening and nervous system of anti-aging, while the larger polar saponin fraction is associated with the regulation of psychiatric rhythm, reduction of stress response and improvement of sleeping.
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[基金项目]
国家自然科学基金面上项目(21475012);农业部公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(20130311106);吉林省科技发展计划项目(20160520181JH);吉林省教育厅“十三五”科学技术研究项目(吉教科合字[2016]第30号)