一药多效是中药的普遍现象，然而中药在针对具体病症的复方中，并非是该中药的全部成分表达药效，而是部分成分显示出有效性，即定向功效成分。针对中药定向物质基础是什么及如何发挥作用的科学问题，提出辨识多效中药定向药效成分的研究策略。该策略基于“方剂配伍”与“不同病症”或“多效”这两个前提，结合代谢组学与药物解析等关键技术，采用体内逆向分析和拆分配伍等研究方法，比较分析中药在针对不同病证的不同方剂中，所显示出的定向功效成分，再进行药效验证。以山西道地药材黄芪为研究实例进行说明，以期构建多效中药定向功效成分研究的方法体系，研究结果将从分子水平阐释方剂的配伍规律，为基于药效的中药质量控制指明方向，为中成药生产和临床用药选择适宜的原料提供依据，为组分中药创制提供研究基础。

Multi-effect is a universal phenomenon for Chinese materia medica (CMM). However, only part of the chemical ingredients of CMM show effectiveness in a given formulas for the specific disease, which were recognized as the orientated effective components. In this paper, a strategy on the identification of orientated effective components from multi-effect CMM has been put forward, aiming at the discovery of the orientated material basis for CMM and their mechanisms. Based on these two prerequisites, "compatibility of prescriptions" and "different diseases" or "multiple effects", this strategy is carried out to identify and verify the orientated components of CMM in different syndromes by reverse analysis in vivo, compound compatibility or decomposed recipe analysis and comparative analysis methods, which combined the two key techniques of metabolomics and structure elucidation. Taking Astragali Radix, a Shanxi authentic herb, as an example, a scientific method was constructed for the study of oriented effective components of multi-effect CMM. The results will be expected to explain the compatibility of prescriptions from the molecular level, specify the direction for the quality control of CMM based on efficacy, provide the research basis for the selection of appropriate raw materials for clinical application and Chinese patent medicine production, and provide the foundation for multi-fractions CMM discovery.

国家自然科学基金资助项目（31570346）