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[摘要]
目的 研究有毒药用植物小花八角Illicium micranthum枝叶的化学成分及其对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊幼虫的毒杀活性。方法 利用硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱等方法对小花八角枝叶的化学成分进行系统的分离,通过质谱、核磁共振谱等波谱方法,结合理化性质分析鉴定化合物结构;采用触杀胃毒联合毒力方法测定化合物2对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊幼虫的毒杀活性。结果 从小花八角枝叶甲醇提取物的醋酸乙酯萃取部位分离得到5个薄荷烷型单萜化合物,分别鉴定为(-)-(1R*,4S*)-1-羟甲基-2-烯基-4-异丙基-1,4-环己二醇(1)、(1R,2R,4R)-1-甲基-4-异丙基-1,2,4-环己三醇(2)、4-羟基胡椒酮(3)、乳香醇C(4)、α,α-二甲基-4-羟甲基苯甲醇(5)。其中化合物1为新化合物,命名为小花八角素A。结论 化合物1为新化合物,化合物2~5为首次从该植物中分离得到。化合物2对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊幼虫的毒杀活性与浓度呈正相关,48 h后的LD50值为30.4 mg/L,72 h后的LD50值为22.5 mg/L。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
Objective To study the chemical constituents from the branches and leaves of Illicium micranthum and insecticidal activitives on larvae of Bradysia odoriphaga. Methods The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by silica gel, and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. Their structures were elucidated by physicochemical properties and spectroscopic analyses. The standard contact and stomach bioassay method was used to assess the effects of median lethal dose (LD50) of compound 2 on the demographic parameters of larvae of B. odoriphaga. Results Five monoterpenoids were isolated from the ethyl acetate layer of methanol extract from the branches and leaves of I. micranthum. Compound 1, (-)-(1R*,4S*)-1-(hydroxymethyl)-4-isopropylcyclohex-2-ene-1,4-diol, was a new monoterpenoid and named as illicmicrene A, and the other compounds were identified as (1R,2R,4R)-1-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-1,2,4-cyclohexanetriol (2), 4-hydroxypiperitone (3), olibanumol C (4) and α,α-dimethyl-4-hydroxymethylbenzyl alcohol (5), respectively. Conclusion Compound 1 is isolated as a new compound and compounds 2-5 are obtained from I. micranthum for the first time. Furthermore, compound 2 shows the insecticidal effects on larvae of B. odoriphaga with LD50 values at 30.4 mg/L after 48 h, at 22.5 mg/L after 72 h.
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[基金项目]
国家自然科学基金资助项目(31200260,31270591);建设世界一流大学(学科)和特色发展引导专项资金;一流大学与一流学科建设过渡性经费专项资金资助;中央民族大学2014年校级科研项目(Z2014044);高等学校学科创新引智计划(B08044);中央民族大学大学生创新训练计划资助项目(GCCX2015110038)