目的 探讨不同品种莪术的亲缘关系和遗传多样性，对其进行分子标记鉴定。方法 采用RAPD-PCR标记方法研究来源于不同地域的4个种42个样本的莪术种质资源。采用POPGEN32分析其遗传相似系数和遗传距离，UPGMA方法聚类。结果 90个随机引物中筛选出10个引物，共扩增出83个位点，其中多样性位点64个，占77.5%，遗传距离变化范围0.22～0.58，获得清晰的RAPD-PCR图谱，建立了不同种莪术亲缘关系的树状结构图。结论 莪术群体中存在较丰富的遗传多样性，具有明显的遗传分化，这些遗传分化是莪术种质资源筛选的关键，是莪术高效育种和生物技术开发的基础。

Objective To analyze the genetic diversity and genetic relationship in different cultivars of Curcumae Rhizoma (CR) and identified with molecular marker technique. Methods Forty-two samples in four cultivars of CR germplasm resources were studied with RAPD-PCR marker. The genetic similar coefficient and genetic distance were analyzed by POPGEN32 software and clustered by UPGMA method. Results Ten primers were selected from 90 random primers, a total of 83 loci were scored, among which 64 were polymorphic loci. The percentage of polymorphic loci was 77.5%. Genetic distance changed from 0.22 to 0.58. The dendrogram of different CR cultivars was clear. Conclusion The abundant diversity of CR from different populations exists with significant genetic differentiation, which is the key for screening the germplasm resources of CR and the basis for breeding and biotechnological development of CR.

国家“十二五”科技支撑计划（2011BAI04B04）；浙江省自然科学基金资助项目（LY15H280014）；云南大理药业股份有限公司横向课题（KJHX1603）