目的 进一步认识两面针Zanthoxylum nitidum花粉粒形态特征和生理特性。方法 采用离体培养法测定花粉粒活性,并应用"3414"试验设计对培养条件:蔗糖质量分数、硼酸(HBO_3>)质量浓度、氯化钙(CaCl₂)质量浓度3个因素进行筛选,同时与碘-碘化钾(I₂-KI)、氯化三苯基四氮唑(TTC法)测定花粉活性的方法比较,建立测定花粉活性的适宜方法。然后应用所建立的方法,进一步研究保存方法、保存时间对花粉粒活性影响。应用电子显微镜观察花粉粒大小、形态等特征。结果 I₂-KI染色法、TTC法2种方法不适合两面针成熟花粉活性的测定。离体萌发法中最佳的组合为10%蔗糖+0.1 mg/mL硼酸+0.1 mg/mL氯化钙,测定萌发率可达66.67%。两面针花粉活性24 h内最高,4℃的低温条件下可保持约15 d,而冷冻和常温条件不太适合其保存。花粉粒形态为长椭球形,具有3个萌发沟,表面有网状纹饰。结论 初步建立了两面针花粉粒活性测定方法、贮藏条件,为了解两面针花粉粒生理特性、品种选育及分类奠定基础。

Objective To investigate the pollen morphological and physiological characteristics of Zanthoxylum nitidum. Methods The pollen grain viability was studied using an in vitro method and the optimal concentration of sucrose, H₃BO₃, and CaCl₂ on pollen germination were investigated by 3414 test. At the same time it contrasted with the I₂-KI and TTC methods to find the proper determination method for Z. nitidum pollen vitality. And then It was further studied that different storage time and methods had an effect on pollen grain viability by having established method. Pollen morphology was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results The I₂-KI and TTC methods were not fit for determining the mature pollen vitality of Z. nitidum. The optimal medium was 10% sucrose+0.1 mg/mL H₃BO₃+0.1 mg/mL CaCl₂ on pollen germination in vitro and the pollen germination ratio was up to 66.67%. Pollen viability was the highest in 24 h and it could keep about 15 d in 4℃ environments. The pollen grains were 3-colpate prolate, with reticulate ornamentation. Conclusion The determination and storage of pollen grain viability is established preliminarily to provide reliable basis of knowing physiological characteristics, breeding and taxonomy.

福建中药种质资源保护利用与共享平台(2008Y2003);福建省农科院创新团队建设项目(CXTD-2-1315)