目的 研究人参Panax ginseng茎叶总皂苷碱水解产物的化学成分。方法 采用硅胶柱色谱及半制备高效液相色谱等方法进行分离、纯化,通过NMR、MS等谱学方法进行化学结构鉴定。结果 从人参茎叶总皂苷的碱水解产物中共分离鉴定了30个化合物,报道其中的1个新化合物和27个已知化合物,分别为20(S)-原人参二醇(1)、20(R)-原人参二醇(2)、达玛-20(21),24-二烯-3β,6α,12β-三醇(3)、达玛-20(22)E,24-二烯-3β,6α,12β-三醇(4)、20(S)-原人参三醇(5)、20(R)-原人参三醇(6)、20(S)-人参皂苷Rh₂(7)、20(R)-人参皂苷Rh₂(8)、人参皂苷Rh₁₆(9)、异人参皂苷Rh₃(10)、20(S)-达玛-3β,6α,12β,20,25-五醇(11)、20(R)-达玛-3β,6α,12β,20,25-五醇(12)、人参皂苷Rk₃(13)、20(S)-人参皂苷Rh₁(14)、20(R)-人参皂苷Rh₁(15)、人参皂苷F₁(16)、人参皂苷Rh₁₉(17)、20(R)-人参皂苷Rh₁₉(18)、达玛-20(22)E-烯-3β,6α,12β,25-四醇(19)、三七皂苷T₂(20)、人参皂苷Rg₆(21)、20(22)E-人参皂苷F₄(22)、人参皂苷Rk₁(23)、20(S)-人参皂苷Rg₃(24)、20(R)-人参皂苷Rg₃(25)、20(S)-人参皂苷Rg₂(26)、20(R)-人参皂苷Rg₂(27)和3β,6α,12β,25-四羟基-达玛-20(22)E-烯-6-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(28)。结论 化合物18为1个新的化合物;3、4、11、12和19是稀有达玛烷型三萜;7~10、13~18和20~28是稀有人参皂苷。

Objective To study the chemical constituents of alkaline hydrolysates of total saponins from the stems and leaves of Panax ginseng. Methods The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by various chromatographic methods, and the chemical structures were identified by NMR and MS spectra analyses. Results A total of 30 compounds were isolated and identified. Among them, 28 were determined as 20(S)-protopanaxadiol(1), 20(R)-protopanaxadiol(2), dammar-20(21),24-diene-3β,6α,12β-triol(3), dammar-20(22)E,24-diene-3β,6α,12β-triol(4), 20(S)-protopanaxatriol(5), 20(R)-protopanaxatriol(6), 20(S)-ginsenoside Rh₂(7), 20(R)-ginsenoside Rh₂(8), ginsenoside Rh₁₆(9), isoginsenoside Rh₃(10), 20(S)-dammar-3β,6α,12β,20,25-pentol(11), 20(R)-dammar-3β,6α,12β,20,25-pentol(12), ginsenoside Rk₃(13), 20(S)-ginsenoside Rh₁(14), 20(R)-ginsenoside Rh₁(15), ginsenoside F₁(16), ginsenoside Rh₁₉(17), 20(R)-ginsenoside Rh₁₉(18), dammar-20(22)E-ene-3β,6α,12β,25-tetrol(19), notoginsenoside T₂(20), ginsenoside Rg₆(21), 20(22)E-ginsenoside F₄(22), ginsenoside Rk₁(23), 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg₃(24), 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg₃(25), 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg₂(26), 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg₂(27), and 3β,6α,12β,25-tetrahydroxy-dammar-20(22)E-ene-6-O-α-L-rhamno-pyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside(28). Conclusion Compound 18 is a new saponin. Compounds 3, 4, 11, 12, and 19 are rare dammarane-type triterpenes, and 7-10, 13-18, and 20-28 are rare ginsenosides.

十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAI07B08)