中药是传统医学宝库重要的组成,近年来中医药在特定优势病种上取得的功效使其作为补充及替代医学在世界各地日益受到重视。有效性和安全性是药物应用的两大准则,针对中药的临床应用,仅仅强调其治疗作用是不够的,对其毒副反应的研究应更加关注。由于对中药安全性问题认识存在不足,自行、盲目、长期、大量服用中药导致的中药药源性损伤事件近期逐年增多,尤其是服用中药后引起的肾脏损伤。通过检索近20年国内外有关中药引起肾损害的实验和临床研究文献,对中药肾毒性研究现状进行总结并针对其发生机制进行深入分析,特别是归纳并展望了较为前沿的中药肾毒性评价方法,并分析了其优势和可行性,以期为中药肾毒性的早期发现和安全性评价研究提供支持。

As a complementary and alternative medicine, Chinese materia medica (CMM) is an important component in the treasure-house of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with increasing attention all over the world. Efficacy and safety are the two principles of CMM. At the same time, the adverse reaction of CMM should be paid more attention. Drug abuse and drug-drug interaction are the main cause of kidney damage. In the paper, nearly 100 experimental and clinical papers concerning on renal toxicity of CMM from domestic and foreign databases in the past 20 years were searched. In particular, the evaluation methods of CMM were summarized, and the advantages and feasibility of the method were analyzed, in order to provide the support for the early detection of renal toxicity of CMM and safety assessment of CMM.

国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(81202850);科技部国际合作项目(2013DFA1620);天津市高等学校“创新团队培养计划”(TD2-5031)