目的 对不同居群栝楼Trichosanthes kirilowii的瓜蒌子、瓜蒌皮、根(天花粉)的质量进行综合评价, 建立栝楼各药材质量评价新模式。方法 采用AA3连续流动分析仪、紫外可见分光光度法、硫酸-苯酚法对栝楼各药用部位蛋白、黄酮、多糖进行测定, HPLC法对瓜蒌子中3,29-二苯甲酰基栝楼仁三醇(3,29-DR)及天花粉中葫芦素B进行测定, 并采用主成分分析法和聚类分析法对栝楼各药用部位进行综合质量评价。结果 瓜蒌子质量以河南安阳黎园栝楼最优, 其3,29-DR和粗蛋白的量最高;山西绛县栝楼作药材瓜蒌皮质量较佳, 其粗蛋白和多糖量较高;安徽岳西黑大片栝楼宜作为药材天花粉种植, 其粗蛋白量较高、淀粉量较低、葫芦素B量适中。结论 所采用的主成分分析法和聚类分析法是栝楼各药用部位质量评价的有效方法, 所建立的多指标综合评价模式在栝楼各药材研究中具有一定的现实意义。

Objective To analyze the quality of medicinal parts of Trichosanthes kirilowii from different populations and to establish a new method to evaluate the medicinal material quality. Methods Contents of protein, flavonoids, and polysaccharide were analyzed by AA3 Continuous Flow, ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, and sulfuric acid-phenol. The 3,29-dibenzoyl rarounitriol (3, 29-DR) content in Trichosanthis Semen and the cucurbitacin bcontent in Trichosanthis Radix were determined by RP-HPLC. In addition, the quality of medicinal materials was evaluated by the principal components analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis. Results The quality of Trichosanthis Semen was the best in T. kirilowii from Henan Anyang-Liyuan with highest contents of 3,29-DR and protein; Shanxi Jiang County T. kirilowii can be better used as Trichosanthis Pericarpium with higher contents of protein and polysaccharide; T. kirilowii from Anhui Yuexi-Heidapian could be regarded as Trichosanthis Radix for cultivating, because of higher protein content, lower starch content, and medium cucurbitacin bcontent. Conclusion The PCA and cluster analysis are effective in evaluating the medicinal material quality. The newly established model will bring the significant benefits for evaluating the quality of T. kirilowii.

国家科技支撑计划(2011BA107B05)