目的 考察不同发酵时间对西瓜霜抗菌活性的影响, 并对最佳发酵时间制得的西瓜霜进行有效部位筛选。方法 选择常见致病菌(多为口腔、上呼吸道致病菌), 采用体外试管法抑菌实验和平板法杀菌实验, 对发酵7、15、22、30、50 d的西瓜霜进行抗菌活性比较;以甲醇提取发酵15 d的西瓜霜制得西瓜霜甲醇提取物, 进一步以AB-8大孔吸附树脂对西瓜霜甲醇提取物进行分离, 得到甲醇提取物的水洗脱部位和95%乙醇洗脱部位, 比较西瓜霜甲醇提取物与其水洗脱部位和95%乙醇洗脱部位的抗菌活性, 筛选有效部位。结果 发酵15 d制备的西瓜霜抗菌活性最强;西瓜霜甲醇提取物的大孔吸附树脂95%乙醇洗脱部位对福氏痢疾杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白葡萄球菌、柠檬葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌、乙型溶血性链球菌、乙型副伤寒杆菌和大肠杆菌具有明显抗菌作用。结论 发酵时间对西瓜霜的抗菌活性具有显著影响, 西瓜霜抗菌作用的有效部位为其甲醇提取物的大孔吸附树脂95%乙醇洗脱部位。

Objective To investigate the effect of fermentation time on antibacterial activity of Mirabilitum Praeparatum (MP) and screen the antibacterial active parts from MP with the optimal fermentation time. Methods Using test tube in vitro antibacterial test and flat germicidal test, the pathogenic bacteria activities of MP with different fermentation time (7, 15, 22, 30, 50 d) were studied, and the optimal fermentation time was screened. The methanol extracts from MP with fermentation time of 15 d and its aqueous and 95% ethanol elution parts were prepared. The antibacterial and bactericidal effects of methanol extracts from MP and its aqueous and 95% ethanol elution parts were compared. Results The 15 d fermentation MP had the strongest antibacterial activity. The 95% ethanol elution parts from MP had the strongest antibacterial activity on nine kinds of common pathogens, especially for the oral and upper respiratory tract pathogens. Conclusion Fermentation time has obvious effect on antibacterial activity of MP, and 95% ethanol elution parts of macroporous adsorption resin from MP may be active parts.

国家自然科学基金资助项目(81073049);黑龙江省留学归国科学基金项目(LC2012C15);黑龙江中医药大学"优秀创新人才支持计划"科研项目(2012RCD05);中国博士后科学基金会项目(20110491126)