目的 研究细辛中马兜铃酸A与黄樟醚炮制减毒方法.方法 采用HPLC法,对细辛生品及各个炮制品中黄樟醚、马兜铃酸A的量进行检测,以其量变化为评价指标比较不同炮制方法对毒性物质的去除效果.结果 黄樟醚进样量在169.2～846.0 μg(r=0.999 6)有良好线性关系,平均回收率为99.83%,RSD为1.67%;马兜铃酸A进样量在11.6～58.0 ng有良好线性关系,平均回收率为101.43%,RSD为1.25%.黄樟醚的炮制去除效果的大小顺序为盐制 >炒焦 >米泔水制 >碱制 >甘草制 >醋制 >姜制 >酒制 >碱醋制 >蜜制,其中盐制与炒焦对细辛中黄樟醚的去除率达到55%以上;马兜铃酸A的炮制去除效果的大小顺序为炒焦 >碱醋制 >盐制 >碱制 >醋制 >米泔水制 >甘草制 >酒制 >蜜制 >姜制,其中炒焦对细辛中马兜铃酸A的去除率达到60%以上.结论 细辛炮制后,黄樟醚和马兜铃酸A的量都有不同程度的降低,其中以炒焦炮制最优.

Objective To study the effect of processing techniques on reducing the contents of safrole and aristolochic acid A in Asari Radix et Rhizoma. Methods The contents of safrole and aristolochic acid A between raw herb and processed products were determined by HPLC, and the differences in the contents of toxic components between raw herb and processed products were used to evaluate the detoxification efficiency. Results The linear ranges of safrole and aristolochic acid A were 169.2-846.0 μg (r = 0.999 6) and 11.6-58.0 ng (r = 0.999 6), respectively. And the average recovery rates were 99.83% (RSD = 1.67%) and 101.43% (RSD = 1.25%). The removal rate of safrole in order was as follows: salt system > fried coke > rice water system > alkali > liquorice > vinegar > ginger > wine > alkali-vinegar > honey and the removal rate of aristolochic acid A was in ordor as: fried coke > alkali-vinegar > salt system > alkali > vinegar > rice water system > liquorice > wine > honey > ginger. The removal rate of aristolochic acid A in Asari Radix et Rhizoma by fried coke was over 60%. Conclusion The contents of safrole and aristolochic acid A in Asari Radix et Rhizoma could be decreased to different extent by processing techniques. Among the processing methods, processing by fried coke is the best method.

中药有毒物质防控技术湖南省工程实验室项目(201304);湖南省教育厅科研项目(14C0863);湖南省中药活性物质筛选工程技术研究中心项目资助(湘科计字[2013]83号);湖南省高校"中药新药创制与资源综合持续利用"科技创新团队资助(湘教通[2010]212号);湖南省"中药学"重点学科资助(湘教通[2011]76号)