目的 通过分子标记技术对不同产地野生福建金线莲及近似种的遗传多样性进行分析，了解不同产福建地金线莲及近似种的遗传差异。方法 采用直接扩增片段长度多态性（DALP）分子标记技术，对产多个产地的野生福建金线莲及近似种的18个居群进行多样性检测。结果 筛选出6个引物组合，总共扩增得到355个多态性位点，遗传多态性为100%，平均每组引物扩增所得多态位点为59.2个。其中14个福建金线莲居群多态百分率为95.77%，其平均观测等位基因数（Na）为1.273 4，有效等位基因数（Ne）为1.074 4，Nei's基因多样性指数（H）为0.056 2，Shannon信息指数（I）为0.096 9，遗传分化系数（G_st）为0.423 0，基因流（Nm）为0.681 9。结论 不同福建金线莲居群之间存在较高的遗传分化、基因交流较小。地理隔离和资源锐减可能是造成福建金线莲居群间基因流动受到限制的原因。

Objective To investigate the genetic polymorphism of wild Anoectochilus roxburghii and its allied species by molecular marker and find out the genetic differences between them. Methods Direct amplification of length polymorphism (DALP) was applied to evaluate the genetic variation of 18 populations of A. roxburghii and its allied species from different places. Results Six pairs of primers were selected to detect 355 polymorphic loci in 18 populations, the percentage of polymorphic bands (PPB) was 100%, and the amplified average polymorphic locus by each pair of primers was 59.2. The percentage of PPB of 14 populations of A. roxburghii was 95.77%, its observed number of alleles (Na) was 1.2734, effective number of alleles (Ne) was 1.074 4, Nei's gene diversity (H) was 0.056 2, Shannon's information index (I) was 0.096 9, coefficient of gene differentiation (G_st) was 0.423 0, and estimated gene flow (Nm) was 0.681 9. Conclusion The results indicate that A. roxburghii has larger genetic differentiation and lower gene flow among populations. Geographic isolation and wild resource loss may be the major causes of the limited gene flow.

中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项基金资助项目：云南省金线莲的种质资源收集及遗传多样性研究（YZYN-12-04）;中国医学科学院药用植物研究所创新团队研究计划：热带名贵药用植物种质创新与繁育（121306）