近10年来，DNA条形码（DNA barcoding）技术飞速发展，已经成为国际上生物学研究的热点之一。该技术在鉴别动物物种上已经得到了广泛的认同和应用，但是在药用植物领域存在极大的挑战，至今还没能得出一个通用的候选序列。候选序列主要有单序列如matK、rbcL等，复合序列如rbcL+trnH-psbA等。现综述DNA条形码在药用植物鉴定中的应用研究，并对常用单序列和复合序列的鉴定应用展开了讨论；同时针对近期提出的以叶绿体全基因组作为“超级条形码”的可行性进行了分析讨论和展望，以期为中药药用植物的快速准确鉴定提供新的研究思路。

DNA barcoding, widely used and applied in identifying animal species, has become one of the hot topics in the study of biology over the past decade; However, it is encountered bottlenecks because none of the available loci work across all plant species. The most candidate DNA barcodes include single-locus barcodes (matK, rbcL, etc.) and multi-locus barcodes (rbcL + trnH-psbA, etc.). Here, we review the development of candidate barcodes and the application in the identification of medicinal plants. We also discuss the feasibility of using the complete chloroplast genome as "super-barcode" and expect to provide a new approach for fast and accurate identifications of traditional Chinese medicinal plants.

中国博士后科学基金项目（20090461042）