目的 对北柴胡移栽试管植株和种子植株不同生长时期的遗传参数进行分析、比较，为优质北柴胡育种方法的建立和筛选提供依据。方法 将试管植株移栽至大田中，将相同类型的种子播撒至大田中。第二年植株返青后标记并对分蘖数、分枝数、叶片数、叶长、叶宽、拔节数、节间距、茎粗和、株高、花序数等性状值定时进行测量，在种子成熟后采挖根并测量根长、根粗、根质量等药材性状指标。应用SPSS 20.0软件对数据进行统计学分析。结果 北柴胡移栽试管植株在不同生长期遗传参数的相对标准偏差均较小，植株整齐一致，个体差异小，遗传性状稳定；移栽试管植株在不同生长期各性状间的相关性与种子植株存在一定的差异；与种子植株相比，移栽试管植株的根产量和种子产量均具明显优势，药材性状和质量比较均一。结论 北柴胡移栽试管植株的植物学和生药学性状优于种子植株，植物组织培养技术是优良北柴胡种质选育的有效方法。

Objective Analyzing hereditary parameters and comparing the test-tube plants population of Bupleurum chinense and seeding plants in different growing periods to provide the basis for building and screening out the right way to foster superior seeds of B. chinense. Methods The test-tube plants were transplanted into the croplands and the same type of seeds were sowed at the same time. Until the next year, after the reviving of the plants, the plants were marked and the timing measure on the data of number of tiller, number of branches, number of leaves, length of leaves, width of leaves, number of jointings, length of jointing, sum of stem thickness, plant height, and number of flowers was carried out. Then, the roots were dug up and the medical characters of the roots, for instance, length, degree of thickness, and weight of the roots were measured. Following that, the statistic analysis on the data was conducted by using the software of SPSS 20.0. Results The relative standard deviation values of test-tube plants population of B. chinense in diverse genetic characters were all relatively small. Moreover, plants were tidy, individual difference was tiny, and genetic characters were stable. In addition, the relevance of the characters of test-tube plants in various growing periods had some differences with the seeding plants. At last, compared with the seeding plants, the test-tube plants populations of B. chinense had more obvious superiority on the yield of roots and output of seeds. Additionally, the medicinal characters and quality were quite even. Conclusion Compared with the seeding plants, the test-tube plants population of B. chinense has the superior botanical and pharmacognosy characters. Moreover, plant tissue culture technique is an effective way to breed and enlarge the superior seeds of B. chinense.

山西省科技攻关计划项目（20100311091）