目的 蛇足石杉Huperzia serrata是治疗阿尔茨海默病的珍稀药用植物，其生长受高温限制，研究高温对蛇足石杉质膜及叶绿体结构与功能的影响，为生产实践提供参考依据。方法 分别在25、30、35、40 ℃不同温度下处理蛇足石杉，测定不同温度下的膜脂过氧化物丙二醛（MDA）的量及电导率的变化，以及叶绿素总量、叶绿素a、叶绿素b及叶绿素a/b的变化，并用透射电镜观察不同温度处理后的叶绿体的超微结构。结果 在35、40 ℃的高温处理下，MDA、电导率的值明显高于对照；40 ℃处理4 d后，叶绿素总量显著下降，6 d时至最低值，仅为对照的58%，叶绿素a、b量的变化与叶绿素总量的变化规律相似；透射电镜观察显示，35 ℃处理4 d，叶绿体结构出现变形，40 ℃处理4 d叶绿体结构受到明显破坏，被膜模糊并出现不同程度的断裂，类囊体排列紊乱，基质片层不规则，出现断裂等。结论 结合生理指标的变化、叶绿体超微结构及外部形态的变化，蛇足石杉生长的适宜温度在25～30 ℃；40 ℃是蛇足石杉生长的极限温度，胁迫4 d后就会引起植株死亡；35 ℃处理对蛇足石杉生长也有明显的影响，长时间超过35 ℃能引起植株死亡。

Objective Huperzia serrata, whose growth is limited by high temperature, is a rare medicinal plant with the treatment function for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). To research the effect of high temperature on the structure and function of cell membrane and chloroplast, and to provide the evidence for production practices. Methods H. serrata was processed at 25, 30, 35, and 40 ℃, respectively, then the content changes of malondial dehyde (MDA) and conductivity rate, and the content changes of total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and chlorophyll a/b values were measured. The changes of the chloroplast ultra microstructure were observed under the transmission electron microscope (TEM). Results The changes of MDA and conductivity rate in the process at 35 and 40 ℃ were significantly higher than those of the control group; After processed at 40 ℃ for 4 d, the total chlorophyll was decreased significantly, and became the lowest on the day 6, just was 58% compared to the control group; the change trends to the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll were similar; TEM observation revealed that after processed at 35 ℃ for 4 d, the chloroplast structure appeared deformation, and after processed at 40 ℃ for 4 d, the chloroplast structure subjected obvious destruction capsule fuzzy, fracture in different degrees, thylakoid in disorder, matrix lamellar irregular, and so on. Conclusion According to the changes of physiological index, ultramicroscopic structure, and external morphology of chloroplast, the suitable temperature for H. serrata is 25—30 ℃, 40 ℃ is the limited temperature, causing death after 4 d stress, and 35 ℃ has obvious impact on the growth, long-time stress in 35 ℃ could also cause plant deaths.

湖南省教育厅科学研究重点项目（2012A0146）；湖南省科技厅科技计划项目（2013TZ2024）；湖南省教育厅学位与研究生教学教改项目（JG2011B027）