目的 筛选出适用于鉴定七叶树属药用植物的条形码序列。方法 考察了七叶树属10个物种42份样品的核ITS、ITS2与叶绿体psbA-trnH、rbcL、matK序列的PCR扩增和测序效率、种内及种间变异、鉴定效率，对初筛后的序列进行barcoding gap检验及NJ树聚类分析。结果 psbA-trnH序列的PCR扩增和测序效率均为100%，种间最小变异大于其种内最大变异，且鉴定效率为候选序列中最高，barcoding gap检验结果表明该序列在种间、种内变异重合比例较小，且NJ树聚类分析结果也表明psbA-trnH序列能够提供充分的辨析效果。结论 psbA-trnH序列能准确鉴定七叶树属药用植物，可作为七叶树属药用植物条形码序列。

Objective To screen the DNA barcodes for identifying the species in genus Aesculus Linn. Methods The PCR amplification and sequencing efficacy, intraspecific and interspecific variation, and identification efficiency of nuclear ITS, ITS2, chlroplast psbA-trnH, rbcL, and matK sequences from 42 samples of 10 species in genus Aesculus Linn. were investigated. The screened sequences were determined by barcoding gap and NJ tree clustering analysis. Results The PCR amplification and sequencing efficacy of psbA-trnH were 100%, the interspecific minimum variation was larger than the intraspecific maximum variation, and psbA-trnH had the highest identification efficacy. The psbA-trnH sequence had less polymerization of intraspecific and interspecific variation. By constructing the NJ tree, thorough verifying the three original plants could be used to separate with other related species. Conclusion The psbA-trnH sequence is a powerful, though not perfect, barcode for the identification of species in Aesculus Linn.

湖北省重大科技攻关项目（2012BCA02）