目的 筛选朝鲜白头翁Pulsatilla cernua的抗炎有效部位并研究其化学成分。方法 将朝鲜白头翁干燥根以70%乙醇回流提取，提取物经大孔吸附树脂柱色谱洗脱，依次得到水及30%、50%、95%乙醇洗脱组分，通过二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀实验以确定其抗炎有效部位；采用各种柱色谱分离纯化抗炎有效部位中的化合物，根据理化特征并结合波谱学数据分析鉴定化合物的结构。结果 朝鲜白头翁根经大孔吸附树脂柱色谱，50%乙醇洗脱组分具有较强的抗炎活性，对其进行系统的化学成分研究，共分离得到12个化合物，分别鉴定为 (+)-8-羟基松脂素-8-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（1）、3, 4:3′, 4′-bis (methylenedioxy)- 9′-hydroxyl-lignane-9-methyl-O-β-D-glucopyranoside（2）、prinsepiol-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside（3）、(+)-环合橄榄树脂素-6-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖苷（4）、6-O-(E)-feruloyl-β-glucopyranoside（5）、6-O-(E)-feruloyl-α-glucopyranoside（6）、齐墩果酸-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→3)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖（7）、常春藤苷基-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖- (1→3)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→3)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖（8）和常春藤苷基-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→3)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖（9）、齐墩果酸-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→2)-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷（10）、刺囊酸-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→2)-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷（11）和羽扇豆醇（12）。结论 朝鲜白头翁50%乙醇洗脱组分为其抗炎有效部位，该部位中得到的化合物2～4、6、8和9为首次从白头翁属植物中分离得到。

Objective To screen the anti-inflammatory effective fraction from the roots of Pulsatilla cernua and to study the chemical constituents. Methods The dried roots of P. cernua were extracted with 70% EtOH under reflux conditions, the extract was fractioned by macroporous resin column with H₂O, 30%, 50%, and 95% EtOH, and four fractions were obtained, respectively. The anti-inflammatory effective fraction was determined by the experiment of xylene-induced mice ear swelling. Compounds were isolated and purified from the anti-inflammatory effective fraction with various column chromatographic methods. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical characters and spectral analyses. Results The 50% EtOH fraction from macroporous resin column was more effective to the mice with inflammation than the others and 12 compounds were isolated from this fraction: (+)-8-hydroxypinoresinol-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), 3, 4:3′, 4′-bis(methylenedioxy)-9′-hydroxyl-lignane-9-methyl-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), prinsepiol-4-O- β-D-glucopyranoside (3), (+)-cycloolivil-6-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), 6-O-(E)-feruloyl-β-glucopyranoside (5), 6-O-(E)-feruloyl-α-glucopyranoside (6), oleanolic acid-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-glucopyranosyl (7), hederagenin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-glucopyranosy (8), hederagenin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-glucopyranosyl (9), oleanolic acid-3-O-β-D- glucopyranosyl-(1→2)- α-L-arabinopyranoside (10), echinocystic acid-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranoside (11), and lupeol (12). Conclusion The 50% EtOH fraction, as the anti-inflammatory effective fraction, is from macroporous resin column of 70% EtOH extract from the roots of P. cernua. Compounds 2—4, 6, 8, and 9 are discovered from the plants of genus Pulsatilla Adans. for the first time.