目的 阐明菊花多糖的结构特征，研究其对NF-κB和肿瘤细胞的活性。方法 以杭菊花、怀菊花和亳菊花为原料药材，经水提醇沉、离子交换树脂和凝胶过滤柱色谱分离纯化，获得6种中性均一多糖。应用高效凝胶渗透色谱（HPGPC）、红外光谱（IR）、气相色谱（GC）及气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）等方法对其一级结构特征进行初步分析，同时运用6种菊花多糖对胰腺癌（PANC-1）和肝细胞（LO2）的MTT实验及NF-κB信号激活实验进行了活性测定。结果 6种多糖CMTA0S1、CMTA0S3、CMJA0S1、CMJA0S2、CMBA0S1和CMBA0S3的重均相对分子质量依次为7.52×10⁴、7.80×10³、7.80×10⁴、1.04×10⁴、5.79×10⁴和1.35×10⁴，其中CMTA0S1、CMJA0S1和CMBA0S1主要由半乳糖、阿拉伯糖和葡萄糖组成，物质的量比分别为1.23∶1.00∶0.20、2.18∶1.00∶0.53和3.30∶1.00∶0.75；CMTA0S3、CMJA0S2和CMBA0S3主要由半乳糖、阿拉伯糖、葡萄糖和甘露糖组成，物质的量比分别为0.73∶1.00∶0.40∶0.21、1.39∶1.00∶0.84∶0.55和1.19∶1.00∶0.48∶0.19。6种菊花多糖以末端-呋喃阿拉伯糖、1, 5-呋喃阿拉伯糖、1, 4-吡喃半乳糖、1, 3, 6-吡喃半乳糖和1, 4-吡喃葡萄糖5种连接方式为主。生物活性研究表明菊花多糖均对胰腺癌PANC-1细胞具有明显抑制作用，以杭菊花多糖CMTA0S3和怀菊花多糖CMJA0S2抑制率最强，接近70%且呈现出良好的浓度依赖性。针对核因子NF-κB活性实验结果显示，菊花多糖中只有粗多糖CMBA表现出较强的免疫抑制活性，而均一多糖CMTA0S1和CMJA0S1则显示出潜在的免疫激活活性。结论 3种菊花中的6种中性多糖结构具有一定程度的相似性，对胰腺癌PANC-1细胞具有良好的抑制作用，且对NF-κB活性有明显调节作用。

Objective To clarify the structure features of polysaccharides from Chrysanthemum morifolium (PCM) and to study their activities against tumor cells and NF-κB. Methods Six homogeneous neutral polysaccharides were obtained from three kinds of C. morifolium (Hangju, Huaiju, and Boju) flowers by successive hot water extraction, followed by ethanol precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography, and gel permeation chromatography. Their primary structures were characterized by HPGPC, IR, GC, and GC-MS analyses. Their bioactivities were examined by MTT assay using PANC-1 and LO2 cells. In addition, NF-κB signaling activation in PANC-1 and LO2 cells treated by polysaccharides were also measured. Results The weight-average molecular mass of the six PCM, CMTA0S1, CMTA0S3, CMJA0S1, CMJA0S2, CMBA0S1, and CMBA0S3 was 7.523 × 10⁴, 7.80 × 10³, 7.80 × 10⁴, 1.04 × 10⁴, 5.79 × 10⁴, and 1.35 × 10⁴, respectively. CMTA0S1, CMJA0S1, and CMBA0S1 mainly contained galactose (Gal), arabinose (Ara) and glucose (Glc) residues in molar ratio of 1.23∶1.00∶0.20, 2.18∶1.00∶0.53, and 3.30∶1.00∶0.75, while CMTA0S3, CMJA0S2, and CMBA0S3 mainly contained Gal, Ara, Glc, and mannose (Man) residues in molar ratio of 0.73∶1.00∶0.40∶0.21, 1.39∶1.00∶0.84∶0.55, and 1.19∶1.00∶0.48∶0.19. Methylation analysis indicated that six PCM primarily consisted of T-arabinofuranosyl, 1, 5-arabinofuranosyl, 1, 4-galactopyranosyl, 1, 3, 6-galactopyranosyl, and 1, 4-glucopyranosyl residues. The biological activity study suggested that all the PCM could inhibit the growth of PANC-1 cells. Among them the inhibitory rates of CMTA0S3 and CMJA0S2 were at most to 70% with concentration-effect relationship. The NF-κB inhibition test indicated that only the crude polysaccharide CMBA had strong immunosuppressive activity, and homogeneous polysaccharides CMTA0S1 and CMJA0S1 showed potential immunostimulation. Conclusion The six homogeneous polysaccharides share similar structures and inhibition on PANC-1 cells growth. Meanwhile they also may regulate the NF-κB activation.

国家杰出青年科学基金资助项目（8112525）