目的 研究狗脊升华与挥发性成分，探寻其炮制过程中产生刺激性成分的来源。方法 采用模拟砂烫、升华、水蒸气蒸馏、直接提取挥发油4种不同方式从狗脊中收集升华与挥发性成分，并用UPLC/Q-TOF-MS法进行定性分析。结果 4种方法共检识34个化合物，得出其中26个化合物的推荐分子式和名称，主要为有机酸类、有机酸酯类、生物碱类、嘌呤类、嘧啶类、小分子醛酮类、多酚类、甾体类、单萜类等化合物，相对分子质量集中在100～400。结论 检识的共有化合物柠苹酸、6-姜辣素、5-羟甲基糠醛等具有一定刺激性，应该是狗脊炮制过程中产生的刺激性成分。

Objective To research on the sublimation and volatile components of Cibotium barometz and to explore its irritant ingredient sources during the processing. Methods Using the simulation of sand iron, sublimation, steam distillation, and volatile oil extractor to collect the sublimation and volatile components from C. barometz, and using UPLC/Q-TOF-MS for qualitative analysis. Results A total of 34 compounds were checked out by the four methods and 26 out of them were recommended molecular formula and named, mainly including organic acids, organic acid esters, alkaloids, purines, pyrimidines, small molecular aldehyde ketones, polyphenols, steroids, single terpenes, etc. The molecular volume of the compounds is concentrated within 100—400 ranges. Conclusion Citramalic acid, 6-gingerol, and 5-methylfurfural have the irritation, which should be the produced irritant components during C. barometz processing.

国家自然科学基金资助项目（30973938）