目的 比较野山参、林下山参、趴货、园参性状特征及显微特征的区别，建立各类人参鉴别检索表。方法 观察不同生长方式人参的芦、艼、体、纹、支根、须根的性状特征以及主根、须根的横切面显微特征。结果 圆芦、下垂艼、铁线纹、分腿灵活自然、皮条须和珍珠点，是野山参和林下山参重要的鉴别性状；人参主根中的草酸钙簇晶、须根中的木质部随生长年限的增加呈显著增加趋势，而淀粉粒的数量则随生长年限的增加呈显著减少的趋势，据此可鉴别出不同类型的人参。结论 野山参、林下山参、趴货、园参的芦、艼、纹、主根、须根等具有显著区别。

Objective To compare the characteristics and microscopic characteristics of wild ginseng, wild ginseng under forest, unimplanted ginseng, and cultivated ginseng, and meantime to establish the retrieval table of ginseng in different growth modes. Methods To observe the characteristics of ginseng in different growth modes on rhizomes, adventitious roots, bodies, grains, lateral roots, and fibrous roots, and to study the transverse microscopic characteristics of taproots and fibrous roots. Results The most important traits of wild ginseng and wild ginseng under forest were column rhizomes, drooping taproots, wire lines, flexible branch beards, and pearl dots. Calcium oxalate crystals of the ginseng main roots and xylems of the fibrous roots showed the increasing trend with the growth of age, but starch granule decreased. So we could distinguish the different growth ages of ginseng. Conclusion The rhizomes, adventitious roots, grains, main roots, and fibrous roots of wild ginseng, wild ginseng under forest, unimplanted ginseng, and cultivated ginseng have the significant differences.