目的 探讨N、P、K配施效应模型及对野菊花产量和蒙花苷量的影响。方法 以野菊为材料，采用“3414”不完全正交设计的N、P、K 3因子施肥试验，对野菊花N、P、K施用量进行二次回归设计，对实验结果采用方差分析和DPS数据处理进行统计分析。结果 初步建立了N、P、K肥配施效应模型与野菊花产量和品质之间的关系，在不同施肥措施中，N₂P₂K₂处理效果最佳，不施或者少施N、P、K中的任何一种养分均不同程度导致减产和质量下降；单因子效应分析表明，随着N、P、K施肥量的提高，产量和有效成分蒙花苷的量呈先升后降的趋势；双因素交互效应分析结果表明，以野菊花产量为考察对象，N、P、K肥间相互作用都存在一个值域，低于这个值域时都表现为协同促进作用，高于这个值域时则都表现为拮抗作用；以蒙花苷为考察对象，N、K和P、K肥间相互作用存在一个值域，蒙花苷量表现出与产量相同的趋势，N，P肥间一直表现为协同促进作用。结论 模型优化结果表明，野菊花适宜的N、P、K肥施用量分别为131.280～187.254、113.415～170.460、118.335～220.845 kg/hm²。

Objective To study the effect model of various fertilization combinations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) and its effects on the yield of flowers of Chrysanthemum indicum (FCI) and linarin content. Methods The “3414” mis-classification orthogonal design was used in the fertilization test of three factors (N, P, and K), quadratic regression design was adopted, and analyses on variance and the DPS were carried out by using C. indicum as material. Results After statistical analysis, the optimized effect model of N, P, and K and the the relationship between the yield and quality of FCI were established. The optimum efficiency was the treatment with N₂P₂K₂ in various fertilizations. No treatment or single treatment of N, P, or K could cause the reduction of yield and quality. Single-factor analysis showed that the yield and linarin content were first increased and then decreased steadily with the increase of the N, P, and K application. The two factor interaction analysis indicated that there existed an interaction range among N, P, and K with the yield as the index. Synergistic effect was observed while the amount of N, P, and K was lower than the range while antagonistic effect was observed while higher than the range. When taking the content of linarin as the index, the reaction between N-K and P-K existed a range, and the trend of linarin showed the same trend as the yield. While N-P always kept the synergistic effect. Conclusion The optimal fertilization amounts in the optimized model of FCI are 131.280—187.254 kg/hm² for N, 113.415—170.460 kg/hm² for P, 118.335—220.845 kg/hm² for K, respectively.

重庆市“十一五”规划项目（104290-41000307）