[关键词]
[摘要]
药材初加工是药材生产与品质形成的重要环节,长期的生产实践和经验积累形成了独具特色、内容丰富的加工方法和技术体系。药材初加工环节中的“发汗”方法是部分根及根茎类、皮类、菌核等药材在干燥加工过程中采用的独特处理方法,既有利于药用部位内部水分向外分布易于干燥,同时又调节和促进着生物组织中的酶系统与微生物群落活力,启动或加速了初生/次生代谢产物的生物转化与化学转化过程,直接影响着药材品质的形成。对药材初加工“发汗”方法形成的历史源流、目的与意义进行了阐述,并对这一独特过程中可能发生的酶活变化及其物质转化机制等进行分析探讨,以期为阐明药材初加工“发汗”原理,为合理地制定药材初加工技术标准及其SOP提供科学依据。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
Primary processing of traditional Chinese medicinal materials (TCMM) is an important link which closely relates to the quality of products in TCMM. The traditional primary processing method and technology systems were derived from the long-term practices and experiences, which are distinctive, colorful, diverse, and scientific. The method of “sweating” is a critical step for processing the rhizome, root, cortex, and sclerotium and helpful for distributing moisture from inside to outside of TCMM in drying process, regulating and promoting the enzymatic reaction and chemical conversion by enzyme and germs, and starting or accelerating the biotransformation and chemical conversion of primary/secondary metabolites, which could directly affect the quality of TCMM. In this paper, the authors discuss the origins and development, purpose, and significance of “sweating” processing and the mechanisms of enzymatic reaction and chemical conversion of chemical compositions during the primary processing of “sweating”. These data may provide the foundation and support for processing in normalization and standardization and formulating the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) of primary processing of TCMM.
[中图分类号]
[基金项目]
国家“十一五”、“十二五”科技支撑计划项目(2006BAI09B05,2010BAI04B03);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(ysxk-2010);江苏省高校优秀科技创新团队——中药资源化学研究(2011—2014)