目的 分析蒲公英的遗传多样性。方法 采用ISSR分子标记对21个居群蒲公英遗传多样性进行分析，用软件Popgen 32分析Nei’s基因多样性指数（H）和Shannon信息指数（I），采用NTSYS 2.10e软件进行聚类分析和主坐标分析。结果 16条ISSR引物共扩增出166条条带，其中多态性条带152条，平均多态性百分率为90.4%，平均H为0.286 5，平均I为0.437 0；遗传距离和遗传一致度分别为0.156 2～0.590 2和0.554 2～0.855 4；UPMGA法进行聚类分析显示，聚类结果与地理来源有较强的一致性，可以看出来源于同一地区的蒲公英种质聚在一起，呈现出一定的地域性分布规律。结论 采用ISSR分析蒲公英遗传多样性，蒲公英表现出丰富的多态性，表明可以用ISSR标记技术对蒲公英进行分子水平的遗传多样性分析。

Objective To analyze the genetic diversity of Taraxaci Herba. Methods Genetic diversity of 21 populations of Taraxaci Herba was analyzed by ISSR. Nei’s genetic diversity index (H) and Shannon’s information index (I) were calculated by Popgen 32. Cluster and principal coordinate analyses were completed by NTSYS 2.10e software. Results A total of 166 bands were amplified by 16 ISSR primers, among which 152 were polymorphic bands (PPB). The percentage of PPB was 90.4%. The average H and I were 0.286 5 and 0.437 0, respectively. The genetic distance and genetic similarity were 0.156 2―0.590 2 and 0.554 2―0.855 4, respectively. UPGMA cluster analysis showed that the geographical distribution was mutually related to the cluster results. It also showed that some of Taraxaci Herba from the same region were in the same group which presented the rule of the geographical distribution. Conclusion ISSR analysis reveals that Taraxaci Herba has high genetic diversity. The ISSR analysis could be used to study of the genetic diversity of Taraxaci Herba at molecular level.

河南省教育厅自然科学研究项目（2010A360010）；郑州市普通科技攻关计划（10PTGS485-1）