目的 研究3种类型黄连的遗传多样性和遗传结构。方法 对3种类型黄连的90个单株进行ISSR分析，运用POPGENE 1.31软件计算相关参数。结果 22个引物共检测到164个位点，其中108个为多态位点；黄连3种类型具有较丰富的遗传多样性，在物种水平上，多态位点百分率（PPB）为65.85%，有效等位基因数（N_e）为1.229 8，Nei’s基因多样度指数（H）为0.144 0，物种水平Shannon’s多样性信息指数（H_sp）为0.230 2；在类型水平上，PPB为55.08%，N_e为1.218 9，H为0.136 0，类型水平Shannon’s多样性信息指数（H_pop）为0.215 1。Nei’s基因多样性指数计算的类型间遗传分化系数与Shannon’s类型分化系数分别为0.056 1和0.065 2，均说明大部分遗传变异存在于类型内；ISSR标记检测到类型间存在着广泛的基因流（N_m＝8.405 4），遗传分化程度较低；两两类型间的Nei’s遗传一致度（I）的范围为0.983 1～0.989 7；根据Nei’s遗传距离进行各类型间的UPGMA聚类，基于ISSR分子标记的聚类结果与形态分类基本一致。结论 3种类型的黄连遗传多样性较高，为新品种的培育提供了丰富的遗传基础。

Objective To investigate the genetic diversity and genetic structure among three types of Coptis chinensis by ISSR. Methods Ninety individuals of the three types of C. chinensis were employed for inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) analysis. The parameters were calculated by POPGENE 1.31. Results A total of 164 bands were amplified by 22 primers, among which 108 were polymorphic; A relatively high level of genetic diversity was revealed at species level: PPB = 65.85%, N_e = 1.229 8, H = 0.144 0, and H_sp = 0.230 2; while at type level, PPB = 55.08%, N_e = 1.218 9, H = 0.136 0, and H_pop = 0.215 1; The Nei’s coefficient of genetic differentiation was 0.056 1, which was consistent with the Shannon’s coefficient of genetic differentiation (0.065 2). Most of the genetic variation existed among types; The gene flow (N_m = 8.405 4) was high among cultivars, indicating that the degree of genetic differentiation was lower; Genetic similarity coefficient (I) changed from 0.983 1 to 0.989 7. By UPGMA clustering analysis and Nei’s genetic distance, the cluster analysis based on ISSR and classification of morphology were almost the same. Conclusion The relatively high genetic diversity of C. chinensis provides the basis for breeding new varieties.

国家科技重大专项资助项目（2009ZX09308-002，2012ZX09304006）；国家科技支撑计划资助项目（2011BAI13B02-1）；国家科技攻关计划资助项目（2004BA721A32）