目的研究不同采收期紫锥菊质量和产量的变化。方法通过对不同采收期的紫锥菊进行产量测定和物候期观察,并采用HPLC法对紫锥菊中的菊苣酸进行动态变化研究。结果一年生紫锥菊地上部分的产量以11月2日(果熟期)采收的最高,比盛花期产量高38.3%,地下部分产量以9月15日(盛花期)采收的最高,从9月15日到11月2日地下部分产量有少量的降低,但变化不大;地上部分菊苣酸量从7月10日(蕾前期)到9月27日(盛花期)变化不大,但从9月27日到10月20日(果期)有一个降低的过程,从10月20日到11月2日又有所回升,地下部分菊苣酸量变化趋势与地上相似;两年生紫锥菊产量及菊苣酸量变化与一年生相似,但地下部分产量在果熟期最高,其全株产量是一年生植株的2.7倍。结论广州产紫锥菊以果熟期为最佳采收期,栽种两年比栽种一年更为合理。

Objective To investigate the influence of different harvest time on yield and cichoric acid content of Echinacea purpurea. Methods Yield and phenophase at different harvest time were observed and dynamic changes of cichoric acid in E. purpurea were studied using HPLC.ResultsThe highest yield in the aerial parts of annual E. purpurea was obtained on Nov. 2nd when fruits matured, which was 38.3% higher than that in the blossom peak; The highest yield in underground parts was obtained on Sep. 15 at the peak of blossom and from then to Nov. 2nd when fruits matured the yield dropped slightly; The content of cichoric acid in the aerial parts was almost stable from July 10th when flower buds initiated to Sep. 27th at the peak of blossom, followed by a dropping period from Sep. 27th to Oct. 20th when fruits developing and an increasing period from Oct. 20th to Nov. 2nd. The change trend of cichoric acid in the underground parts was similar to that in the aerial parts. The changes of yield and cichoric acid content in biennial E. purpurea were almost the same as annual E. purpurea, but the highest yield in the underground parts was achieved at the time when fruits matured, and the total yield in the whole plant was 2.7 times as much as that in annual E. purpurea. The highest yield of cichoric acid was obtained both in annual and biennial E. purpurea at the time when fruits matured. Conclusion The suitable harvest time of E. purpurea in Guangzhou is at fruit mature period, and two-year cultivation is more reasonable than one-year.

广东省教育部产学研合作专项资金项目(2008B090500250)