目的 了解铁皮石斛人工栽培居群的遗传多样性，为种质资源的保护与新品种的选育提供基础。方法 利用RAPD分子标记对浙江义乌、天台、建德、武义，云南麻栗坡、勐海的14个居群的铁皮石斛和1个居群的紫皮石斛进行遗传多样性分析。结果 从225个RAPD引物中筛选出15个引物，对105个铁皮石斛和3个紫皮石斛样本进行PCR扩增，共扩增出138条带，其中133条为多态性条带，多态性条带比率（PPB）为96.38%；14个铁皮石斛居群的多态位点（PPL）在10.79%～76.26%，平均为45.32%。结论 全国主产区人工栽培的铁皮石斛遗传多样性丰富，铁皮石斛种质的亲缘关系远近与其地理种源具有显著的相关性，与栽培地点无关。

Objective To investigate the genetic diversity in cultivated populations of Dendrobium officinale, providing the basis for the protection of germplasm resources and breeding of new varieties. Methods A molecular marker RAPD was used to analyze the genetic diversity of 14 populations of D. officinale and a population of D. devoninum from Yiwu, Tiantai, Jiande, Wuyi in Zhejiang Provinces and Malipo, Menghai in Yunnan Provinces. Results Fifteen primers screened from 225 RAPD primers were used in the PCR amplification of 105 samples of D. officinale and 3 samples of D. devoninum; And 138 bands were generated among which 133 bands were polymorphic. The percentage of polymorphic bands (PPB) was 96.38%; The percentage of polymorphic bands (PPL) for 14 populations of D. officinale ranged from 10.79% to 76.26% was 45.32% (mean). Conclusion Cultivated D. officinale of main producing places in whole country is rich in genetic diversity. Genetic relationship of D. officinale has a obvious correlation with its geography provenance, but nothing to do with the cultivation place.

浙江省重大科技专项资助项目(2009C12059)