目的 比较野生与人工栽培的麻黄不同部位成分的差别。方法 以50%甲醇为溶剂,用加热回流法分别提取野生与人工栽培麻黄的茎与根部,再以HPLC测定各个提取液中的麻黄碱的量。采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取麻黄挥发油,用GC-MS测定野生与栽培的麻黄挥发油中的成分。结果 HPLC测定野生麻黄的茎与根的提取液中分别含麻黄碱0.55%和0.00057%,人工栽培麻黄的茎与根的提取液中分别含麻黄碱0.26%和0.0017%。用GC-MS确定了麻黄挥发油中的45种物质,其中野生和栽培品共有成分13种。结论 野生麻黄茎中含麻黄碱的量约是人工栽培的2倍,而在两种麻黄的根中麻黄碱的量都非常低。在麻黄挥发油中未发现麻黄碱。

Objective To compare the difference in constituents from different parts of wild and cultivated Ephedra sinica. Methods Using the solvent of 50% methyl alcohol to extract from the stems and roots of wild and cultivated E. sinica under heating reflux, respectively and then determine the content of ephedrine in each extractions by HPLC. The volatile oil was extracted by stream-distillation and analyzed by GC-MS method. Results The content of the ephedrine in extraction of stems and roots of wild E. sinica was 0.55% and 0.000 57% while the content of the cultivated was 0.26% and 0.001 7%. Forty-five compounds in the volatile oil were identified by GC-MS method, among them 13 compounds existed in both wild and cultivated E. sinica. Conclusion The content of the ephedrine is about two times of the cultivated in wild E. sinica′s stems, while it is very low in the roots of two kinds of herbs. And ephedrine is not found in the volatile oil.