血栓性疾病是全球非正常死亡的主要原因之一。目前临床常用抗栓药物虽疗效明确，但普遍存在出血风险升高、部分患者出现药物抵抗等局限，临床亟需兼具疗效与安全性的替代治疗方案。丹参Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma为中医活血化瘀经典药材，其主要活性成分为脂溶性丹参酮类与水溶性丹酚酸类，可通过多环节发挥抗血栓作用：抑制血小板活化聚集、干预凝血级联反应、调控纤溶平衡、保护血管内皮、抗炎抗氧化稳定斑块，且出血不良反应相对较轻。目前复方丹参滴丸、丹参注射液等制剂已广泛用于血栓性疾病辅助治疗，常与化学药联用增效。基于近十年研究文献，系统梳理丹参抗血栓活性成分的作用机制及相关制剂的临床应用进展，分析现有研究局限与未来方向，为丹参临床精准应用及创新抗栓药物研发提供科学依据。

Thrombotic diseases are one of the leading causes of unnatural death worldwide. Although currently used clinical antithrombotic agents have well-defined therapeutic efficacy, they are generally limited by elevated bleeding risk and drug resistance in some patient populations. Hence, there is an urgent clinical demand for alternative therapeutic strategies with balanced efficacy and safety. Danshen (Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) is a classic traditional Chinese medicinal herb known for the effect of activating blood circulation and resolving blood stasis. Its main bioactive constituents are classified into lipophilic tanshinones and water-soluble salvianolic acids, which exert antithrombotic effects through multiple pathological links: inhibiting platelet activation and aggregation, interfering with the coagulation cascade, regulating fibrinolytic homeostasis, protecting vascular endothelium, and stabilizing plaques via anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, with relatively mild bleeding adverse reactions. At present, various Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma preparations such as Compound Danshen Dropping Pills and Danshen Injection have been widely used in adjuvant treatment of thrombotic diseases, and are often co-administered with chemical drugs to enhance therapeutic efficacy. Based on relevant research literature over the past decade, this paper systematically reviews the mechanisms of antithrombotic active ingredients of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and the clinical application progress of its preparations, analyzes the limitations of existing research and future research directions, so as to provide a scientific basis for the precise clinical application of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and the development of innovative antithrombotic drugs.

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国家自然科学基金项目（82104670）