在“双碳”目标和中药制造绿色转型背景下，中药生产面临工艺链条长、能源消耗集中、碳排放来源复杂及质量约束突出等问题。围绕碳排放形成机制、核算方法适配、关键单元协同评价和碳中和路径对相关研究进行主题式梳理。研究表明，提取、浓缩、干燥是中药生产能耗与碳排放的重点环节，蒸汽、电力、公用工程、溶剂及废弃物处置是主要排放来源。现有研究已逐步采用排放因子法、生命周期评价和单位能耗指标开展评价，但仍存在边界不统一、功能单位不清、实测数据不足和质量指标融入不充分等问题。未来应加强过程数据采集，完善“质量-能耗-碳足迹”耦合指标，并结合先进生产设备和智能控制等技术，推动中药制造由碳足迹核算向过程诊断和碳中和管理转变。

Against the backdrop of the “dual carbon” goals and the green transformation of traditional Chinese medicine manufacturing, traditional Chinese medicine production is facing several practical problems, such as long process chains, concentrated energy consumption, complex carbon emission sources, and prominent quality constraints. This paper reviews the related studies from four aspects: carbon emission formation mechanism, applicability of accounting methods, collaborative evaluation of key unit processes, and carbon neutrality pathways. The results show that extraction, concentration, and drying are the main energy-consuming and carbon-emitting processes in traditional Chinese medicine production. Steam, electricity, public utilities, solvents, and waste treatment are the major emission sources. At present, emission factor method, life cycle assessment, and unit energy consumption indicators have been gradually applied in related studies. However, there are still some problems, including inconsistent system boundaries, unclear functional units, insufficient measured data, and inadequate integration of quality indicators. In the future, it is necessary to strengthen the collection of process data, improve the coupled indicators of quality-energy consumption-carbon footprint, and combine technologies such as advanced production equipment and intelligent control technologies, so as to promote the transformation of traditional Chinese medicine manufacturing from carbon footprint accounting to process diagnosis and carbon neutrality management.

R283

国家重点研发计划项目（2024YFC3506903）；江西省重点研发计划项目（20243BCC31010）；中央引导地方科技发展资金项目（2026QZZZBSXM006）