当归Angelica sinensis是我国道地大宗中药材，甘肃为核心主产区，早期抽薹引发的根部木质化、药效成分流失问题，严重制约其产业高质量发展。当归抽薹是环境、生理与分子协同调控的复杂发育过程，低海拔、高温等环境失衡会打破植株营养与生殖生长平衡，诱发高频早薹。生理层面，赤霉素、脱落酸等促薹激素积累，碳氮代谢紊乱、抗氧化酶及苯丙烷通路活性异常，致使木脂素大量合成，阿魏酸、多糖等药用成分显著降低。分子层面，当归开花位点T基因（A. sinensis flowering locus T，AsFT）、当归Constans过表达抑制子1基因（A. sinensis suppressor of overexpression of constans 1，AsSOC1）等开花核心基因正向调控抽薹进程，光周期、春化及赤霉素通路协同参与，同时全基因组DNA甲基化修饰可调控关键基因表达，介导药材品质劣变，奎宁酸可作为早薹潜在代谢标志物。目前生产上已形成设施育苗、种苗分级、低温贮藏、合理间作等农艺防控技术，结合褪黑素、水杨酸等天然信号物质及生长调节剂的化学调控体系，可有效降低抽薹率。通过综述当归早薹的形态、生理、分子调控机制及防控技术，指出当前研究短板，提出未来需依托多组学整合解析调控网络、验证关键基因功能、开展抗抽薹分子育种，为当归产业提质增效、可持续发展提供理论参考。

Angelica sinensis is a genuine and bulk traditional Chinese medicinal herb in China, with Gansu Province serving as its core producing area. Premature bolting-caused root lignification and loss of medicinal active ingredients severely restrict the high-quality development of its industry. Bolting in A. sinensis represents a complex developmental process synergistically regulated by environmental, physiological and molecular factors. Environmental perturbations such as low altitude and high temperature disrupt the balance between vegetative and reproductive growth and trigger frequent premature bolting. Physiologically, the accumulation of bolting-promoting phytohormones including gibberellin and abscisic acid, disordered carbon-nitrogen metabolism, as well as abnormal activities of antioxidant enzymes and phenylpropanoid pathway lead to massive lignin biosynthesis and remarkable reduction of medicinal components such as ferulic acid and polysaccharides. At the molecular level, core flowering-related genes including A. sinensis flowering locus T (AsFT) and A. sinensis suppressor of overexpression of constans 1 (AsSOC1) positively modulate the bolting process, in which photoperiod, vernalization and gibberellin pathways function synergistically. Meanwhile, genome-wide DNA methylation modification modulates the expression of pivotal genes and mediates the deterioration of medicinal quality, and quinic acid can serve as a potential metabolic biomarker for premature bolting. At present, agronomic prevention and control techniques including facility seedling raising, seedling grading, low-temperature storage and rational intercropping have been established in practical production. Combined with chemical regulation systems adopting natural signal substances such as melatonin and salicylic acid as well as plant growth regulators, these measures can effectively reduce the bolting rate. This review summarizes the morphological, physiological and molecular regulatory mechanisms of premature bolting in A. sinensis, as well as its prevention and control technologies. Existing research deficiencies are pointed out, and future research directions are proposed, including dissecting regulatory networks via multi-omics integration, validating the functions of key genes, and carrying out anti-bolting molecular breeding. It provides theoretical references for quality improvement, efficiency enhancement and sustainable development of A. sinensis industry.

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高校产业支撑计划项目（2024CYZC-40，2020C-09）；民生科技专项（20CX9NA070）；甘肃省科技计划项目（24CXKA009，22CX8NA082，18JR2TA017）；中央引导地方发展专项（2025ZY036，YDZX20206200002673）