急性肺损伤（acute lung injury，ALI）是临床上常见的呼吸危重病症，其以弥漫性肺泡-毛细血管膜损伤、肺水肿和顽固性低氧血症为主要的病理特征。严重时可进一步发展成急性呼吸窘迫综合征，死亡率将高达30%～40%。左旋龙脑是贵州道地苗药艾纳香的核心活性成分，具有“归肺经”的中医理论定位和确切的抗炎药理活性。铁死亡和泛凋亡（PANoptosis）作为ALI领域的2大前沿的细胞死亡机制，为阐释左旋龙脑的肺保护机制提供了不同的视角。药物亲和反应的靶点稳定性（drug affinity responsive target stability，DARTS）技术是一种无需化学修饰即可筛选药物直接结合靶蛋白的前沿研究方法，尤其适用于天然产物的靶点发现。从左旋龙脑的药理基础、铁死亡与PANoptosis在ALI中的调控机制、DARTS技术的原理与应用及天然产物靶向铁死亡/PANoptosis保护ALI的研究进展等方面来进行系统综述，系统总结了天然产物通过调控铁死亡和PANoptosis保护ALI的代表性研究成果，深入分析了DARTS技术在天然产物靶点发现中具有的独特优势，并展望基于DARTS技术发现左旋龙脑靶点并阐明其调控新型细胞死亡方式机制的可行性与前景，为左旋龙脑的深度开发和ALI治疗新策略的建立提供理论依据。

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a common clinical respiratory critical illness, which is characterized by diffuse alveolar-capillary membrane injury, pulmonary edema and refractory hypoxemia. In severe cases, it can further develop into acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and the mortality rate will be as high as 30% to 40%. L-Borneol is the core active ingredient of Guizhou Miao medicine Blumea balsamifera, which has the theoretical positioning of traditional Chinese medicine lung meridian tropism and the exact anti-inflammatory pharmacological activity. Ferroptosis and PANoptosis, as the two leading cell death mechanisms in the field of ALI, provide different perspectives for explaining the lung protection mechanism of L-borneol. Drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) technology is a frontier research method for screening direct drug-binding target proteins target proteins without chemical modification, especially suitable for target discovery of natural products. In this paper, the pharmacological basis of L-borneol, the regulatory mechanism of ferroptosis and PANoptosis in ALI, the principle and application of DARTS technology, and the research progress of natural products targeting ferroptosis/PANoptosis to protect ALI are systematically reviewed. The representative research results of natural products protecting ALI by regulating ferroptosis and PANoptosis are systematically summarized, and the unique advantages of DARTS technology in the discovery of natural product targets are deeply analyzed. The feasibility and prospect of discovering the target of L-borneol based on DARTS technology and elucidating its mechanism of regulating new cell death modes are expected, to provide theoretical basis for the in-depth development of L-borneol and the establishment of new strategies for ALI treatment.

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贵州省中医药管理局中医药、民族医药科学技术研究专项课题（QZYY-2025-092）；国家中医药管理局高水平中医药重点学科建设项目（zyyzdxk-2023186）；贵州省科技计划项目（黔科合平台ZSYS[2025]016）；贵州省农业农村厅2025优势特色产业集群项目（411000225）；贵州中医药大学研究生教育创新计划项目（YCXKYS2026046，YCXKYS205036）