目的 比较何首乌鲜品、生品、制品化学成分的差异性，揭示何首乌炮制过程中成分变化规律。方法 采用UPLC-Orbitrap Fusion Lumos Tribrid-MS/MS技术对鲜何首乌及其炮制品的成分进行表征，根据峰面积计算炮制前后的变化指数（CI），评价成分含量的整体变化趋势。采用主成分分析（principal component analysis，PCA）、偏最小二乘判别分析（partial least squares discriminant analysis，PLS-DA）和正交偏最小二乘法判别分析（orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis，OPLS-DA），以变量重要性投影（variable importance in projection，VIP）值＞1、P＜0.05、差异倍数（fold change，FC）＞2或FC＜0.5，筛选鲜何首乌、生何首乌和制何首乌炮制前后的差异标志物。利用解吸电喷雾电离质谱成像（desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging，DESI-MSI）技术可视化分析差异标志物的空间分布特征及变化趋势。结果 从鲜何首乌、生何首乌、制何首乌中共鉴定出74个化学成分，18个差异成分，主要为蒽醌类、二苯乙烯苷类和黄酮类成分。DESI-MSI结果发现，差异性标志物在何首乌各组织中呈现特征性分布，主要富集在“云锦花纹”的维管束，如大黄素、儿茶素和决明酮-8-O-葡萄糖苷等。结论 蒽醌类、二苯乙烯苷类、黄酮类等化合物是鲜何首乌、生何首乌、制何首乌的主要成分和差异性成分，主要分布在维管束及皮层中，在炮制过程中含量多表现为下降趋势。系统阐明了何首乌炮制过程中化学成分的变化规律，为何首乌炮制的科学内涵和质量控制提供了数据支撑。

Objective To compare the differences in chemical components between fresh, raw, and processed Polygoni Multiflori Radix (Heshouwu), and reveal the regularity of component changes during the processing of Polygoni Multiflori Radix. Methods UPLC-Orbitrap Fusion Lumos Tribrid-MS/MS technology was used to characterize the components of fresh Polygoni Multiflori Radix and its processed products. The change index (CI) before and after processing was calculated based on the peak area to evaluate the overall change trend of component content. Principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were employed to screen differential markers before and after processing of fresh, raw, and processed Polygoni Multiflori Radix based on variables importance in projection (VIP) values >1, P < 0.05, fold change (FC) >2, or FC < 0.5. Desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (DESI-MSI) technology was used to visually analyze the spatial distribution characteristics and change trends of differential markers. Results A total of 74 chemical components were identified from fresh, raw, and processed Polygoni Multiflori Radix. Among them, 18 differential components were found, mainly including anthraquinones, stilbene glycosides, and flavonoids. DESI-MSI results revealed that differential markers exhibited characteristic distribution in various tissues of Polygoni Multiflori Radix, mainly enriched in the vascular bundles of the “cloud-patterned” region, such as emodin, catechin, and chrysin-8-glucoside. Conclusion Anthraquinones, stilbene glycosides, flavonoids, and other compounds are the main and differential components of fresh, raw and processed Polygoni Multiflori Radix, mainly distributed in the vascular bundles and cortex. Their content tends to decrease during the processing. This study systematically elucidates the changing patterns of chemical components during the processing of Polygoni Multiflori Radix, providing data support for the scientific connotation and quality control of Polygoni Multiflori Radix processing.

R284.1

河南省中医药科研专项课题（2024ZY1033）