慢性阻塞性肺疾病（chronic obstructive pulmonary disease，COPD）是一种以慢性气道炎症、氧化应激和免疫失衡为核心病理机制的全球性公共卫生问题，目前的治疗手段主要以缓解症状和减少急性加重为主，但难以阻止疾病的持续进展。近年来，中药在COPD防治中的潜力逐渐受到关注，其中女贞子（Ligustri Lucidi Fructus，LLF）因其丰富的活性成分及多靶点药理作用备受重视。研究表明，女贞子中的苷类（如红景天苷、女贞苷）和三萜类（如齐墩果酸、熊果酸）化合物具有显著的抗炎、抗氧化和免疫调节作用，可通过调控核因子-κB（nuclear factor κB cells，NF-κB）、核因子E2相关因子2（nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2，Nrf2）及Th17/Treg平衡等信号通路，有效干预COPD核心病理过程。此外，女贞子在哮喘、肺纤维化等呼吸系统疾病中的研究成果也为其在COPD中的应用提供了理论依据。然而，当前针对女贞子在COPD中的具体作用机制和临床疗效的研究仍较为有限，尚需通过动物模型、细胞实验及随机对照临床试验进一步验证其治疗效果。综述了女贞子的主要活性成分及其药理作用，并结合COPD病理特点探讨其在COPD治疗中的潜在应用价值，为后续研究提供理论支持。

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a global public health problem with chronic airway inflammation, oxidative stress, and immune imbalance as its core pathological mechanisms. Current treatment methods mainly focus on relieving symptoms and reducing acute exacerbations, but it is difficult to prevent the continued progression of the disease. In recent years, the potential of traditional Chinese medicine in the prevention and treatment of COPD has gradually received attention, among which Nüzhenzi (Ligustri Lucidi Fructus, LLF) has been highly valued for its rich active ingredients and multi-target pharmacological effects. Research has shown that glycosides (such as salidroside and Ligustrum lucidum glycoside) and triterpenoids (such as oleanolic acid and ursolic acid) in LLF have significant anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects, which can effectively intervene in the core pathological process of COPD by regulating signaling pathways such as nuclear factor NF-κB, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and Th17/Treg balance. In addition, the research results of LLF in respiratory diseases such as asthma and pulmonary fibrosis also provide theoretical basis for its application in COPD. However, current research on the specific mechanism of action and clinical efficacy of LLF in COPD is still limited, and further validation of its therapeutic effect is needed through animal models, cell experiments, and randomized controlled clinical trials. This article reviews the main active ingredients and pharmacological effects of LLF, and explores its potential application value in the treatment of COPD based on its pathological characteristics, providing theoretical support for subsequent research.

R28

甘肃省重点研发计划（17YF1FA106）；兰州市科学技术局社会发展项目（2022-2-47）；兰州市科学技术局社会发展项目（2023-2-17）