苦参碱是来源于苦参等中药的一种天然喹啉类生物碱，具有广泛的药理作用。研究表明，苦参碱具有良好的抗肿瘤作用，作用机制主要与调控Wnt/β-连环蛋白、白细胞介素-6/转录激活因子3、核因子-κB、磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B‌/‌哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白等信号通路密切相关。此外，苦参碱在抗炎、抗菌、抗病毒、神经保护、免疫调节等方面也显示良好的药理活性。肠吸收和药动学研究显示，苦参碱具有较高的溶解性和渗透性，药物吸收速度较快，通过将其制成纳米新制剂后，可进一步明显延长其半衰期并提高生物利用度。不良反应方面，苦参碱的相关研究主要集中在肝、肾损伤，在未来应用中控制用药剂量是降低其不良反应的有效方式，从而保证其用药的安全性与有效性。通过检索中国知网、维普、Web of Science等国内外数据库，对苦参碱的药理作用、肠吸收、药动学及不良反应进行综述，为苦参碱的进一步研究开发和临床应用提供借鉴。

Matrine is a natural quinoline alkaloid derived from Sophora flavescens and other traditional Chinese medicines, which has a wide range of pharmacological effects. Studies have shown that matrine has good antitumor effects, including anti-liver cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, cervical cancer and so on. The mechanism of action is closely related to the regulation of Wnt/β-catenin, interleukin-6/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, nuclear factor-κB, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin and other signaling pathways. In addition, matrine also shows good pharmacological activities in anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, neuroprotective, immune regulation and so on. Intestinal absorption and pharmacokinetic studies showed that matrine had high solubility and permeability, and the drug absorption rate was faster. After it was made into a new nano preparation, it could further significantly extend its half-life and improve its bioavailability. In terms of adverse reactions, the related studies of matrine mainly focus on liver and kidney injury. In the future application, controlling the dosage of matrine is an effective way to reduce its toxic and side effects, so as to ensure the safety and effectiveness of matrine. Based on the above research, this paper reviews the pharmacological effects, intestinal absorption, pharmacokinetics and adverse reactions of matrine by searching CNKI, VIP, Web of Science and other databases at home and abroad, in order to provide reference for the further research, development and clinical application of matrine.

R285

国家中医药管理局高水平建设学科项目（zyyzdxk-2023272）