目的 收集来自云南及周边地区的附子（乌头Aconitum carmichaelii的子根）种质资源，从遗传多样性、农艺性状、品质成分3个方面进行综合鉴定，初步鉴选出育种和开发利用潜力较高的核心种质材料，为附子在我国西南地区的产业发展提供支撑。方法 采用SSR分子标记技术，研究了收集到的25份附子种质资源的遗传多样性，同时系统观测了其在田间生长中的重要农艺性状差异，并通过HPLC等技术分析了成熟附子内的初生（粗蛋白、可溶性糖、多糖、淀粉）和次生（总生物碱、乌头碱、次乌头碱、新乌头碱、苯甲酰新乌头原碱、苯甲酰乌头原碱、苯甲酰次乌头原碱）代谢产物含量差异。结果 25份附子材料在遗传系数0.75和0.86处可被划分为5个大类群和13个小亚群，表现出了较丰富的遗传多样性，种质间遗传差异明显。附子的总产量与株高、功能叶数量、单株结实率呈显著的正相关关系，却与茎的粗细无明显关系。主成分分析（principal component analysis，PCA）进一步表明来自云南迪庆的材料与其他材料表型差异较明显。在品质特性上，附子的初生代谢成分含量差异总体十分显著，其中蛋白质和可溶性糖的含量变化幅度较高、多糖和淀粉次之；附子药用次生代谢成分含量亦表现出了明显的差异，其中总生物碱含量和乌头碱含量在不同编号中的差异较大。结论 最终从25份材料中鉴选出了5份来自云南的附子，编号为D3、L4、D8、D12、D10，可初步作为核心种质资源加以保存和开发利用，为后续低毒、高产、高品质和高适应性的附子良种繁育奠定基础。

Objective To provide scientific support for the Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparrka) industrial development in Southeast China, assessment of the genetic diversity, agronomic trait and quality component of the Fuzi germplasm resources collected from Yunnan province and surrounding areas have been conducted, aiming to initially select core collections with high breeding and developmental potentials. Methods The genetic diversity of 25 collected Fuzi germplasm resources was analyzed by the SSR molecular marker technology, and data of important field agronomic traits was meanwhile gathered. Measurement of the contents of several key primary (crude protein, soluble sugar, polysaccharide, starch) and secondary metabolites (total alkaloids, aconitine, hypaconitine, mesaconitine, benzoylmesaconine, benzoylaconine, benzoylhypaconine) in the mature Fuzi tubers was carried out via HPLC and other techniques.Results The 25 Fuzi germplasm resources could be divided into five major groups and 13 subgroups at the genetic coefficients of 0.75 and 0.86, respectively, displaying significant genetic diversities and obvious genetic differences among germplasms. Analysis of agronomic trait data showed that the total yield of Fuzi was positively correlated with the plant height, number of functional leaves and seed setting rate per plant, but had no significant correlation with stem thickness. Principal component analysis (PCA) further indicated that the Fuzi materials collected from Diqing were highly distinct from others in the field performance. In terms of the quality components, primary metabolites demonstrated significant content differences among the 25 Fuzi germplasm resources, of which the protein and soluble sugar had showed higher variations relative to the polysaccharide and starch. Likewise, the contents of medicinal secondary metabolites also demonstrated obvious discrepancy. Specifically, the content of total alkaloids and aconitine varied most significantly in different Fuzi materials. Conclusion A total of five Yunnan Fuzi materials coded as D3, L4, D8, D12, D10, respectively, were selected from the overall 25 germplasm resources, which may harbor the potentials to be preserved and exploited as core collections. These materials could help lay the foundation for the subsequent breeding of low-toxicity, high-yielding, high-quality, highly adaptable Fuzi superior varieties.

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云南省重大科技专项计划（202302AA310027）；建设面向南亚东南亚科技创新中心专项-云南省国际联合创新平台（202403AP140013）；云南省农业联合专项面上项目（202301BD070001-198）