药用植物细胞外囊泡（medicinal plant-derived extracellular vesicles，MPEVs）是由药用植物特定部位细胞分泌的纳米级结构，包裹有丰富的核酸、蛋白质及小分子化合物等活性物质。因其具有高安全性、低成本及高生物活性等优势，作为一类新型功能药效成分受到广泛关注。近年来，MPEVs在癌症治疗中具有独特的抗癌活性和肿瘤靶向性，而且还能作为药物载体降低传统化疗药物的不良反应和耐药性，而迅速成为纳米医学的研究热点。系统地介绍了MPEVs作为药效成分和递送载体的应用、提取分离方法、储存条件，以及在癌症治疗中的最新研究进展，全面展现其在癌症治疗中的巨大应用前景。最后，提出MPEVs当前面临的挑战以及对未来的展望，旨在进一步推动其在癌症治疗以及其他医学领域的深入研究与应用，为未来抗肿瘤药物的研发提供参考。

Medicinal plant-derived extracellular vesicles (MPEVs) are nanoscale structures secreted by cells in specific parts of medicinal plants and encapsulated with abundant active substances such as nucleic acids, proteins, and small molecule compounds. Due to their advantages of high safety, low cost, and high biological activity, they have received extensive attention as a new type of functional pharmacodynamic component. In recent years, MPEVs have unique anticancer activity and tumor targeting in cancer treatment. Moreover, they can also serve as drug carriers to reduce the side effects and drug resistance of traditional chemotherapeutic drugs, and have rapidly become a research hotspot in nanomedicine. This review systematically introduces the applications, extraction and separation methods, storage conditions of MPEVs as pharmacodynamic components and delivery carriers, as well as the latest research progress in cancer treatment, fully demonstrating their great application prospects in cancer treatment. Finally, the current challenges and future prospects of MPEVs were put forward, aiming to further promote their in-depth research and application in cancer treatment and other medical fields and provide a reference for the research and development of future anti-tumor drugs.

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国家自然科学基金资助项目（82274119）;岐黄学者（国中医药人教函2022-6）;河南省重点科技计划项目（232301420019）;河南省杰出外国专家工作室（38103029-2024）;河南省中医药科学研究专项（2024ZYZD15）