目的 建立肉豆蔻Myristicae Semen多指标成分定量检测方法，构建化学计量学及加权逼近理想排序（TOPSIS）模型，对不同产地肉豆蔻进行药材质量评价。方法 收集5省16批次肉豆蔻样品，以去氢二异丁香酚和β-谷甾醇为内参物，采用一测多评（quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker，QAMS）法同步测定肉豆蔻中安五脂素、肉豆蔻木脂素、去氢二异丁香酚、利卡灵-B、丁香酚、异丁香酚、肉豆蔻醚、榄香脂素、β-谷甾醇和豆甾醇含量，同时对其醇溶性浸出物、总灰分和酸不溶性灰分进行定量检测。采用主成分分析对不同产地肉豆蔻进行聚类分组，以因子分析主成分综合得分高低对样品质量优劣进行排序，通过正交偏最小二乘法-判别分析挖掘影响肉豆蔻产品质量的主要潜在标志物，同时构建加权TOPSIS质量优劣评价模型，对肉豆蔻质量差异性进行综合评价。结果 安五脂素、肉豆蔻木脂素、去氢二异丁香酚、利卡灵-B、丁香酚、异丁香酚、肉豆蔻醚、榄香脂素、β-谷甾醇、豆甾醇分别在8.55～427.50、7.17～358.50、4.85～242.50、0.14～7.00、0.53～26.50、3.55～177.50、2.97～148.50、6.45～322.50、0.36～18.00和0.22～11.00 µg/mL线性关系良好（r＞0.999），平均加样回收率96.92%～100.11%（RSD＜2.0%）；建立的相对校正因子耐用性良好，外标法与QAMS法所得含量结果无明显差异。16批样品聚为3类，产地相近的聚为一组；安五脂素、榄香脂素、肉豆蔻木脂素、肉豆蔻醚、去氢二异丁香酚、β-谷甾醇和异丁香酚可能是影响肉豆蔻产品质量主要潜在标志物；因子分析与加权TOPSIS模型样品质量优劣排序结果基本一致。结论 QAMS多指标成分定量方法操作简便、结果准确，化学计量学及加权TOPSIS模型结果科学直观，可用于不同产地肉豆蔻药材质量评价。

Objective To establish a quantitative detection method for multi-index components of Roudoukou (Myristicae Semen), and to construct a chemometrics and weighted TOPSIS model for quality evaluation of Myristicae Semen from different producing areas. Methods A total of 16 batches of Myristicae Semen samples were collected from five provinces. With dehydrodiisoeugenol and β-sitosterol as internal reference substances, the contents of anwuligan, myrislignan, dehydrodiisoeugenol, licarin B, eugenol, isoeugenol, myristicin, elemicin, β-sitosterol and stigmasterol were simultaneously determined by quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker (QAMS). Meanwhile, the alcohol-soluble extract, total ash and acid-insoluble ash were quantitatively detected. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to cluster and group Myristicae Semen from different producing areas. The quality of samples was ranked by the comprehensive score of factor analysis of principal components. The main potential markers affecting the quality of Myristicae Semen products were mined by orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). At the same time, a weighted TOPSIS quality evaluation model was constructed to comprehensively evaluate the quality difference of Myristicae Semen.Results The linear ranges of anwuligan, myrislignan, dehydrodiisoeugenol, licarin B, eugenol, isoeugenol, myristicin, elemicin, β-sitosterol and stigmasterol were 8.55—427.50, 7.17—358.50, 4.85—242.50, 0.14—7.00, 0.53—26.50, 3.55—177.50, 2.97—148.50, 6.45—322.50, 0.36—18.00 and 0.22—11.00 µg/mL, respectively (r > 0.999). The average recovery were 96.92%—100.11% with RSD < 2.0%. The established relative correction factor has good durability, and there was no significant difference between the content results obtained by the external standard method and the QAMS method. The 16 batches of samples were clustered into three categories, and the samples with similar origins were clustered into one group. Anwuligan, elemicin, myrislignan, myristicin, dehydrodiisoeugenol, β-sitosterol and isoeugenol may be the main potential markers affecting the quality of Myristicae Semen. The results of factor analysis and weighted TOPSIS model were basically the same. Conclusion The QAMS multi-index component quantitative method is simple and accurate, and the results of chemometrics and weighted TOPSIS model are scientific and intuitive, which can be used for the quality evaluation of Myristicae Semen in different producing areas.

R286.2

黑龙江省省属高等学校基本科研业务费科研项目（2020-KYYWF-0028）