目的 研究三七Panax notoginsengDOG（PnDOG）基因家族结构特征和表达模式及其在三七种子后熟休眠和萌发的作用机制。方法 基于三七的全基因组和转录组数据，利用生物信息手段分析PnDOG家族的理化性质、基因结构、系统发育关系、保守结构域、顺式作用元件和表达模式；探讨了外施赤霉素（gibberellins，GA）和脱落酸（abscisic acid，ABA）激素对三七种子的影响，以及PnDOG基因家族对这些外源激素的响应机制。结果 PnDOG基因家族包含16个成员，不均匀地分布在8条染色体上。PnDOG基因都含有外显子，编码216～514个氨基酸，均为亲水性蛋白，亚细胞定位预测显示均位于细胞核中。系统进化将PnDOG基因分为3个亚组，不同亚组成员的基因结构存在差异。共线性分析显示，串联重复是PnDOG基因扩增的主要驱动因素。启动子顺式作用元件分析显示，PnDOG基因的启动子区含有大量激素响应、胁迫响应以及少量胚发育响应等元件。基因本体（gene ontology，GO）和京都基因与基因组百科全书（Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes，KEGG）分析显示，PnDOG基因可能在非生物应激和激素诱导中起作用。基因表达分析和qRT-PCR分析显示，PnDOG基因在三七不同组织中均有表达，并具有明显的组织特异性。部分PnDOG基因在三七种子不同后熟阶段和激素处理下的表达量均存在显著差异。发现PnDOG1和PnDOG14在种子中高表达且受激素强烈诱导，其表达量随后熟时间的增加逐渐下降，推测PnDOG1和PnDOG14是调控三七种子后熟休眠的关键基因。结论 大多数PnDOG基因的高表达可能与三七种子的后熟休眠形成有关，在后熟过程中通过响应激素信号调控种子休眠解除。

Objective To explore the characteristics and expression patterns of the Sanqi (Panax notoginseng) DOG (PnDOG) gene family, along with their regulatory mechanisms during after-ripening dormancy and germination. Methods Based on the whole-genome and transcriptome data, the physicochemical properties, gene structure, phylogenetic relationships, conserved structural (CS) domains, cis-acting elements and expression patterns of the PnDOG family were identified using bioinformatics tools. The gibberellins (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) hormones were applied to P. notoginseng seeds to examine the response of PnDOG gene family to these exogenous hormones. Results PnDOG gene family contained 16 members, distributed unevenly on eight chromosomes. All PnDOG genes contained exons that encoded proteins ranging from 216 to 514 amino acids. These proteins were classified as hydrophilic proteins, and subcellular localization predictions indicated that they were all localized in the nucleus. Phylogenetic analysis classified PnDOG genes into three distinct subgroups, revealing structural differences among the members of each subgroup. Covariance analysis indicated that tandem repeats were the primary contributors to the amplification of PnDOG genes. Analysis of the promoter cis-acting elements revealed that the promoter region of PnDOG genes was enriched with hormone-responsive and stress-responsive elements, while containing a smaller number of elements responsive to embryo development. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) analyses showed that PnDOG genes might play a role in abiotic stress and hormone induction. Gene expression analysis and qRT-PCR analysis showed that PnDOG genes were expressed in different tissueswith obvious tissue specificity. The expression levels of PnDOG genes were significantly different at different after-ripening stages and under hormone (ABA, GA) treatments. PnDOG1 and PnDOG14 was highly expressed in seeds of P. notoginseng, and induced strongly by hormone treatment. Moreover, their expression gradually decreased with the increase of stratification time, suggesting that PnDOG1 and PnDOG14 were hypothesized to be the key genes regulating after-ripening dormancy in P. notoginseng seeds. Conclusion The results indicate that the elevated expression of most PnDOG genes may be associated with seed after-ripening dormancy formation in P. notoginseng. These genes likely play a role in regulating the release of seed dormancy during the after-ripening process by responding to hormonal signaling pathways.

R286.12

云南省科技重大专项项目（202102AA310048）;国家重点研发计划项目（2021YFD1601003）;国家自然科学基金项目（81860676）;国家自然科学基金项目（32160248）