根及根茎类药材在长期的种植栽培中出现早抽薹开花现象，严重影响药材产量和品质，因此，急需通过现代生物技术手段解决早抽薹问题。以所发表的研究论文、专著等为基础，对《中国药典》2020年版中根及根茎类药材抽薹相关的数量、抽薹对根及根茎类药材产量和品质的影响、控制/促进抽薹的方法、调控抽薹开花的机制等方面的研究进展进行归纳和分析。结果发现，《中国药典》2020年版收录的169种根及根茎类药材中，有75种与抽薹相关，其中，73种已报道了抽薹会影响产量和品质；总结抽薹对18种药材生长发育、药用成分和基因表达的影响；分析控制/促进抽薹的方法和调控抽薹开花的机制；同时，总结了甲基化调控药用植物开花的研究进展，旨在为提高根及根茎类药材产量和品质提供有益参考。

Early bolting and flowering (EBF) are being occurred during the long-term cultivation of root- and rhizome-derived traditional Chinese medicines (RR-TCMs), which seriously affects the yield and quality, thus, EBF became a problem that needs to be solved as soon as possible through modern biotechnology. Here, based on previously published research articles and monographs, the research progress on the bolting number of RR-TCMs, the effects of EBF on yield and quality of RR-TCMs, the methods of controlling and enhancing EBF, the mechanism of regulating EBF listed in Chinese Pharmacopoeia (Edition 2020) were summarized and analyzed. The results showed that 75 RR-TCMs were related to bolting in the 169 RR-TCMs listed in Chinese Pharmacopoeia, and 73 RR-TCMs with the effects of EBF on yield and quality had been reported; the effects of EBF on growth and development, medical compounds, and genes expression of 18 RR-TCMs were summarized. The methods of controlling or enhancing the EBF as well as the mechanism of regulating the EBF were analyzed, meanwhile, the research progress of methylation regulating on the flowering of medical plants were summarized, with view to providing scientific references to improve the yield and quality of RR-TCMs.

R286.2

财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系项目（CARS-21）;国家自然科学基金项目（32160083）;国家自然科学基金项目（03123053）;甘肃省科技重大专项（23ZDNK002）;甘肃省科技支撑项目（KJZC-2023-11）;甘肃省科技厅重点研发计划项目（22YF7NA111）