目的 为了解牛果藤属种间叶性状的多样性差异，提高牛果藤属优异种质资源的选育和利用。方法 以5种牛果藤属植物为研究对象，采用智能叶面积测量系统、紫外可见分光光度计和高效液相色谱（HPLC）测定形态和活性成分指标，并对数据进行描述性统计、方差分析和多重比较分析。结果 形态特征表明5种牛果藤属植物种间（内）差异明显，大齿牛果藤Nekemias grossedentata与牛果藤N. cantoniensis具有一回或两回羽状复叶，其他物种均为一回羽状复叶，叶缘锯齿以大齿牛果藤最明显；该属植物叶性状除复叶叶柄长和小叶叶面积发生中等变异外，其余性状均为弱变异，除小叶厚度外，其他性状均存在显著的种间差异，5个物种大齿牛果藤叶性状最稳定；叶活性成分以黄酮类化合物为主，种间差异显著（P＜0.001），总黄酮含量在13.81%～38.67%，大齿牛果藤最高，是含量最低的牛果藤的78倍；二氢杨梅素、杨梅苷和杨梅素是该属植物的主要成分。结论 牛果藤属植物种间和种内呈现明显的性状多样性，黄酮类化合物是该属植物的主要成分，种类和含量因物种而异，研究结果为牛果藤属植物资源的综合利用提供理论依据。

Objective To understand the diversity differences of interspecific leaf traits of Nekemias, so as to facilitate the breeding and development of excellent germplasm resources of Nekemias. Methods Five species of Nekemias were taken as the research objects, and the morphological and active components were determined by intelligent leaf area measurement system, ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer and HPLC, and the data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, variance analysis and multiple comparative analysis. Results Morphological characteristics showed that there were obvious differences among the five species of Nekemias. N. grossedentata and N. Cantoniensis had one or two pinnate fronds, while other species all had one pinnate frond, and the serration of leaf margin was the most obvious in N. grossedentata. Except for the moderate variation of compound leaf petiole length and lobular leaf area, the other leaf traits of this genus were weak, and there were significant interspecific differences except lobular thickness, and the leaf traits of N. grossedentata of five species were the most stable; The active components in leaves were mainly flavonoids, with significant difference among species (P < 0.001). The content of total flavonoids was in the range of 13.81%—38.67%, and N. grossedentata ranked the highest, with 78 times of the lowest one, N. cantoniensis. Dihydromyricetin, myricitrin and myricetin were the main components of this genus. Conclusion There are obvious character diversity among and within species of Nekemias. Flavonoids are the main components of this genus, and the type and content vary from species to species. The research results provide theoretical basis for the comprehensive utilization of Nekemias plant resources.

R286.2

湖南省自然科学基金资助项目（2025JJ70626）;吉首大学研究生科研项目（Jdy23094）