目的 运用文献计量学和网络药理学的方法，对中医“芳香辟秽”理论的科学内涵进行阐释，并对其作用机制进行中医理论与现代医学效应的解析与实验验证。方法 通过中国知网（CNKI）、万方、维普等数据平台，对“芳香辟秽”相关主题词进行现代研究文献检索和计量分析；通过芳香中药的药性分析，阐释“芳香辟秽”应用的中医理论内涵；通过芳香中药香气成分的网络药理学和分子对接分析，解析“芳香辟秽”的潜在生物效应机制；通过艾叶和广藿香挥发油对免疫低下大鼠模型鼻黏膜的作用，验证“芳香辟秽”的效应。结果 “芳香辟秽”理论以香囊、芳香中药（香者）、芳香性成分（香气）、鼻黏膜免疫（正气）为主要应用形式、重要载体物质、物质基础和作用途经，并主要应用于病毒感染性疾病及疫病预防（除邪辟秽）。芳香中药作为“芳香辟秽”理论应用的载体物质，整体药性符合“香者气之正，正气盛则除邪辟秽也”的中医理论内涵，防御邪气和扶助正气为核心机制。芳香中药的香气成分与鼻黏膜具有生物靶点相关性，主要激发先天免疫效应而发挥防御作用。木犀草素、山柰酚、5,8-二羟基-6,7-二甲氧基黄酮、伞形花内酯、胡椒酚、5,7-二羟基香豆素、和厚朴酚、厚朴酚、苏荠苎黄酮、6-去氢姜酮等黄酮类、香豆素类、木脂素类化合物与“芳香辟秽”关键靶点具有良好的结合性能，为该理论的核心物质基础。艾叶和广藿香作为“芳香辟秽”理论实践的代表性药物，二者挥发油均可增强免疫低下大鼠鼻黏膜紧密连接蛋白（tight junction protein，TJ）中封闭蛋白（claudin）-1、4和7、闭合蛋白（occludin）和闭锁小带蛋白-1（zonula occludens-1，ZO-1）的表达，显示对鼻黏膜物理屏障的保护和加强作用；能够上调免疫低下大鼠鼻黏膜微褶细胞（M细胞）、自然杀伤细胞（NK细胞）、巨噬细胞、树突状细胞（DC细胞）及白细胞介素-6（interleukin-6，IL-6）、IL-1β、肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumor necrosis factor-alpha，TNF-α）、γ-干扰素（interferon-γ，IFN-γ）等免疫细胞和效应分子的表达，显示对鼻黏膜免疫屏障的增强效应；能够增加血清中免疫球蛋白A（immunoglobulin A，IgA）、IgG、IgG1、IgG2a等抗体的含量，从而显示对全身免疫的促进作用。结论 中医“芳香辟秽”理论的科学内涵是“香者气之正，正气盛则除邪辟秽也”，鼻黏膜为其发挥作用的重要部位，先天免疫防御效应为其核心机制。

Objective To explain the scientific connotation of the theory of “fragrance to avoid filth” in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and analyze its mechanism of action between TCM theory and modern medicine effect by using the methods of bibliometrics and network pharmacology with experimental verification. Methods Through platforms of CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP, modern research literature retrieval and quantitative analysis on the keywords related to “fragrance to avoid filth” were carried out. Through the analysis of the medicinal properties of aromatic Chinese medicine, this paper explains the theoretical connotation of the application of “fragrance to avoid filth” in TCM. Through network pharmacology and molecular docking analysis of aromatic components of aromatic Chinese medicine, the potential biological effect of “fragrance to avoid filth” was analyzed. Through the effects of the volatile oil of Aiye (Artemisiae Argyi Folium) and Guanghuoxiang (Pogostemonis Herba) on the nasal mucosa in the rats of low immunity, the effect and mechanism of “fragrance to avoid filth” was verified. Results The theory of “fragrance to avoid filth” takes sachet, aromatic Chinese medicine (perfumer), aromatic components (fragrance) and nasal mucosa immunity (healthy qi) as the main applications, important carrier materials, material basis and action routes, and is mainly applied to viral infectious diseases and the prevention of epidemics (eliminating evil and purging filth). As the carrier material of application of the theory of “fragrance to avoid filth”, overall medicinal properties of aromatic Chinese medicine are in line with the theoretical connotation of “qi of aromatic substances is healthy qi, and the healthy qi is strong, so the evil is eliminated and the filth is avoided”, and preventing the evil and supporting the healthy qi is the core. There are target’s correlation between the aromatic components of aromatic Chinese medicine and the nasal mucosa, which can mainly stimulate innate immune effects and play a defensive role. Luteolin, kaempferol, 5,8-dihydroxy-6,7-dimethoxyflavone, skimmetin, chavicol, 5,7-dihydroxycoumarin, honokiol, magnolol, moschusflavone, 6-dehydrogingedione is the core components of aromatic Chinese medicine, which mainly is flavonoids, coumarins and lignans, and has good binding ability with the key targets of “fragrance to avoid filth”, and which is also the core material of this theory (aroma). As the representative drugs in theory and practice of “fragrance to avoid filth”, volatile oils of Artemisiae Argyi Folium and Pogostemonis Herba can enhance expression of claudin-1, claudin-4, claudin-7, occludin and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) of tight junction proteins of nasal mucosa in rats with low immunity, which shows protection and enhancement to physical barrier. Both volatile oils can up-regulate expression of M cells, macrophages, NK cells, DC cells, and other immune cells and IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ and other effector of nasal mucosa in rats with low immunity, and show promotion to immune barrier. Both volatile oils can increase the content of antibodies such as IgA, IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a of serum in rats with low immunity, and show enhancement to systemic immunity. Conclusion Scientific connotation of theory of “fragrance to avoid filth” in TCM is that “qi of aromatic substances is healthy qi, and the healthy qi is strong, so the evil is eliminated and the filth is avoided”. Nasal mucosa is an important part of its function, and innate immune defense effect is the core.

G350;R285

甘肃省高等学校创新基金项目（2022B-114）;甘肃省自然科学基金项目（24JRRA1022）;甘肃省高校中（藏）药化学与质量研究省级重点实验室开放基金项目（zzy-2024-04）;甘肃省中药药理与毒理学重点实验室开放基金项目（ZDSYS-KJ-2024-006）;甘肃中医药大学科技成果转化培育项目（2023CGZH-8）;甘肃中医药大学科技创新项目（2021KCYB-8）