目的 研究川射干Iris tectorum的化学成分。方法 采用冷浸法提取，硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱、ODS柱色谱、制备高效液相色谱等方法进行分离和纯化，并利用现代谱学技术NMR和MS进行结构鉴定。采用MTT法对分离得到的鸢尾醛型三萜化合物进行细胞毒活性评价。结果 从川射干75%乙醇提取物中分离得到18个化合物，分别鉴定为2个鸢尾醛型三萜类：16-甲氧基鸢尾醛（1）、isoiridogermanal（2）；9个黄酮及苷类：鸢尾黄素（3）、鸢尾甲黄素A（4）、鸢尾甲黄素B（5）、射干苷（6）、野鸢尾黄素（7）、异鼠李素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷（8）、鼠李柠檬素（9）、irisdichotin B（10）、irisdichotin C（11）；4个苯乙酮类：草夹竹桃苷（12）、belalloside A（13）、罗布麻宁（14）、4-羟基苯乙酮（15）；3个其他类：β-谷甾醇（16）、2,3-二羟丙基十五烷酸酯（17）、棕榈酸（18）；其中化合物1和2对A549细胞的半数抑制浓度（median inhibition concentration，IC₅₀）值分别为（39.44±3.48）和（55.74±3.34）μmol/L。结论 从川射干中分离得到2个鸢尾醛型三萜类、9个黄酮及苷类、4个苯乙酮类以及3个其他类化合物。其中化合物1为新的鸢尾醛型三萜化合物，命名为16-甲氧基鸢尾醛（16-methoxyisoiridogermenal），化合物8、10、11、13、15和17为首次在该植物中分离鉴定，丰富了川射干鸢尾醛型三萜类的化学成分。体外实验结果表明，化合物1和2对A549细胞表现出较好的细胞毒活性。

Objective To study the chemical constituents of Iris tectorum. Methods The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by solvent extraction, silica gel column chromatography (CC), Sephadex LH-20 CC, ODS and preparative high performance liquid chromatography (P-HPLC). Modern spectroscopic techniques NMR and MS were employed for structural identification of the compounds. The MTT method was used to evaluate the cytotoxic activity of the isolated iridal-type triterpenoids compounds. Results A total of 18 compounds were isolated from the 75% ethanol extract of I. tectorum, identified as two iridal-type triterpenoids: 16-methoxyisoiridogermanal (1), isoiridogermanal (2), nine flavonoids and glycosides：tectorigenin (3), iristectorigenin A (4), iristectorigenin B (5), tectoridin (6), irigenin (7), isorhamnetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (8), rhamnocitrin (9), irisdichotin B (10), irisdichotin C (11); four acetophenones: androsin (12), belalloside A (13), apocynin (14), 4-hydroxylacetophenone (15); three other compounds: β-sitosterol (16), 2,3-dihydroxypropyl pentadecanoate (17) and palmitic acid (18); Compounds 1 and 2, along with the positive control drug paclitaxel, showed half inhibitory concentrations (IC₅₀) of (39.44±3.48) and (55.74±3.34) μmol/L against A549 cells, respectively. Conclusion Two iridal-type triterpenoids, nine flavonoids and glycosides, four acetophenones and three other types of compounds were isolated from I. tectorum. Among them, compound 1 is a new iridal-type triterpenoid, named 16-methoxyisoiridogermanal, and compounds 8, 10, 11, 13, 15 and 17 were identified for the first time in this plant, enriching the chemical components of the iridal-type triterpenoids in I. tectorum. In vitro cellular experiments indicated that compounds 1 and 2 both exhibited good cytotoxic activity against A549 cells.

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国家自然科学基金资助项目（82204975）;广西壮族自治区药用植物园基金资助项目（GXYYXGD202203）;广西壮族自治区中药管理局项目（GXZYA20230003，GXZYZ20210016，GXZYA20240004）