中药是传统中医的重要组成部分，中药复方作为中医临床实践的关键载体，体现了中医药的整体观念和辨证施治的原则。近年来，研究发现中药复方在传统水煎煮过程中，其有效成分在弱键的驱动下能够发生自组装，形成具有特定结构和功能特性的超分子复合物。这一分子层面的动态过程不仅可显著增强了药效，同时可有效降低药物毒性，展现了独特的中药治疗优势。通过对2017—2024年国家自然科学基金资助的中药超分子相关项目进行分析，梳理了中药超分子在药物递送、药效增效、减毒等的研究现状，并探讨了其在质量控制中的应用。研究发现，药效物质基础、中药复方配伍、结构特征等是中药超分子领域的研究热点，为从事中药超分子研究提供有益的参考与启示。

Chinese medicine is an integral part of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and TCM prescriptions, serves as one of the pivotal carriers of theories and clinical practice of TCM, embodies the holistic approach and the principle of treatment based on syndrome differentiation. In recent years, Researcher found that the active ingredients in TCM prescriptions can undergo self-assembly during the decoction processes, which was driven by weak non-covalent interactions. This dynamic molecular process not only significantly enhances the efficacy of the formulations but also effectively reduces drug toxicity, highlighting the unique therapeutic advantages of TCM. This article analyzed the projects related to TCM supramolecules funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China from 2017 to 2024, summarizing the research progress in drug delivery, enhanced pharmacological effects, toxicity reduction, and quality control applications. Investigations found that pharmacodyamic material basis, TCM prescription and formulation, and structural characteristics are the hot-spots of TCM supramolecules. This review aims to offer valuable insights and references for researchers involved in the study of TCM supramolecules.

湖南省科技创新计划资助（2022RC1228）