目的 探究黄芩Scutellariae Radix炒炭前后的化学成分变化。方法 HPLC法建立黄芩片及黄芩炭的指纹图谱，标定共有峰并通过主成分分析（principal component analysis，PCA）和正交偏最小二乘-判别分析（orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis，OPLS-DA）筛选出黄芩炒炭前后的差异性成分。进一步通过UPLC-Q Exactive Focus MS/MS技术对差异性成分进行定性分析。结果 建立的HPLC指纹图谱中，黄芩片标定了21个共有峰，15批黄芩片的相似度为0.998～1.000；黄芩炭标定了16个共有峰，15批黄芩炭的相似度为0.979～0.999；指认出黄芩炒炭前后28个差异性成分；通过UPLC-Q Exactive Focus MS/MS技术确定黄芩炭炮制前后的主要差异性成分为黄芩苷、汉黄芩苷、千层纸素A苷、黄芩素及汉黄芩素。结论 通过对黄芩炒炭前后化学成分的系统研究，明确了黄芩炒炭前后的主要差异性成分，为完善黄芩片及黄芩炭质量标准提供了依据，为黄芩炭凉血止血谱效关系的研究提供了一定的参考依据。

Objective To explore the changes of chemical composition of Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix, SR) before and after charcoal-frying. Methods The fingerprints of SR slices and charred SR were established by HPLC, the common peaks were indexed, and the differential components of SR before and after charcoal-frying were screened by principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). Qualitative analysis of differential components was performed using UPLC-Q Exactive Focus MS/MS technology. Results In the HPLC fingerprint, a total of 21 common peaks were demarcated in SR slices, and the similarity range of 15 batches of SR slices was 0.998—1.000, and a total of 16 common peaks were calibrated in charred SR, with a similarity range of 0.979—0.999, and 28 differential components were identified before and after charcoal-frying in SR. The primary differential components between SR and charred SR were determined to be baicalin, wogonoside, oroxyloside, baicalein, and wogonin, as identified through the use of UPLC-Q Exactive Focus MS/MS technology. Conclusion Through a systematic study of the chemical composition of SR before and after charcoal-frying, the major differential components between the two were identified. This research provided a basis for improving the quality standards of SR slices and charred SR, as well as offered certain reference for the study of the spectrum-effect relationship of charred SR for cooling blood and stopping bleeding.

R283.6

山东省自然科学基金面上项目（ZR2021MH009）;山东省中医药科技项目（2021M143）;山东中医药大学科学研究基金项目（KYZK2024M20）