失眠症是一种常见的睡眠障碍，由于其影响时间较长、病发难以治愈，对患者的生活质量和身心健康造成了显著影响。如今临床应用的药物虽然能在短期内缓解症状，但因其依赖性、耐受性和成瘾性等不良反应，长期使用的安全性较低。因此，寻找安全高效的替代药物是当前的研究热点之一。我国传统中医药在改善睡眠方面有着悠久的历史。近年来，相关研究的不断深入也为中医药的现代化发展提供了理论支撑和科学依据，使其有望成为失眠患者的新选择。药食同源中药是中医药理论与饮食文化相互结合的成果，因其作用缓和、安全性高、不良反应少等优势备受关注。作为药食同源中药中的一类重要天然成分，生物碱具有较低的毒副作用和较小的药物依赖性，展现出广阔的发展前景。然而，目前针对相关生物碱的研究还不够系统，部分成分的作用机制和详细通路尚不明确。综述了药食同源中药中生物碱类成分的药理作用及其改善睡眠的作用机制，旨在为后续研究提供参考，为开发更安全有效的改善睡眠制剂奠定理论基础。

Insomnia is a common sleep disorder that significantly impacts patients' quality of life and physical and mental health due to its long duration and difficulty in curing. Although drugs currently used in clinical practice can alleviate symptoms in the short term, their long-term safety is relatively low due to side effects such as dependence, tolerance, and addiction. Therefore, finding safe and efficient alternative medications is one of the current research hotspots. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a long history of improving sleep in our country. In recent years, the continuous deepening of related research has provided theoretical support and scientific basis for its modernization development, which is expected to become a new choice for insomnia patients. Medicinal and edible TCMs are a result of the integration of TCM theory and dietary culture, and they are highly regarded for their mild effects, high safety, and low side effects. As an important natural component in medicinal and edible TCM, alkaloids have low toxicity and side effects and minimal drug dependency, showing broad development prospects. However, current research on related alkaloids is not systematic enough, and the mechanisms and detailed pathways of some components are not yet clear. This paper introduces the pharmacological effects of alkaloids in TCM of the same origin as medicine and food and their mechanisms to improve sleep, aiming to provide reference for subsequent research and lay a theoretical foundation for the development of safer and more effective sleep-improving preparations.

R284.1

国家自然科学基金资助项目（U2202213）;国家自然科学基金资助项目（82374098）;方回春堂大学生科研创新项目（CX2024014）