目的 制备靶向分离大豆素及柚皮素的表面分子印迹聚合物（surface molecularly imprinted polymers，SMIPs）并对其进行结构表征和吸附性能测试。方法 以大豆素和柚皮素为模板分子，改性的四氧化三铁纳米粒子为磁性载体，甲基丙烯酸（methylacrylic acid，MAA）为单体，乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯（ethylene dimethacrylate，EGDMA）为交联剂，在偶氮二异丁腈 [2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionitrile)，AIBN] 引发下进行聚合。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪（Fourier transform infrared spectrometer，FT-IR）、热重分析仪（thermal gravimetric analyzer，TG）、扫描电子显微镜（scanning electron microscope，SEM）对表面分子印迹聚合物的形貌与结构进行表征。通过动态吸附与静态吸附测试分析其吸附行为；选择性吸附测试表征其吸附特异性；再生吸附测试其循环使用性能。结果 溶液初始浓度为300 μg/mL时，振荡吸附20 min后，双模板磁性表面分子印迹聚合物（Daidzein-Naringin/SMIPs，D-N/SMIPs）对大豆素的吸附量可达21.05 mg/g，对柚皮素的吸附量为27.45 mg/g。准一级、准二级动力学模型和Langmuir、Freundlich等温吸附模型拟合数据表明D-N/SMIPs对大豆素和柚皮素的吸附以单分子层化学吸附行为为主。D-N/SMIPs对模板分子大豆素和柚皮素具有良好的选择性识别能力，对大豆素的印迹因子为2.05、对柚皮素的印迹因子为2.43，远高于对槲皮素的0.88、茜素的1.17和芦丁的1.26，可以靶向吸附分离目标化合物。经9次吸附-解吸循环后，D-N/SMIPs对大豆素和柚皮素的吸附能力仍维持在16.58 mg/g和20.08 mg/g，结构稳定可重复分离应用。结论 制备的表面分子印迹聚合物对模板分子具有良好的靶向吸附能力，可用于大豆素和柚皮素的快速定向分离。

Objective To prepare surface molecularly imprinted polymers (SMIPs) with selective separation performance towards daidzein and naringenin, and characterize the structures and evaluate their adsorption properties. Methods The surface molecularly imprinted polymers (SMIPs) were synthesized under the initiation of 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionitrile), using daidzein and naringenin as template molecules, modified Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles as magnetic carrier, and methylacrylic acid (MAA) as monomer, and ethylene dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as crosslinking agent. The morphology and structure of SMIPs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analyzer (TG), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The adsorption behavior was analyzed by dynamic adsorption and static adsorption tests; adsorption specificity was evaluated by selective adsorption test; and the recycling performance was tested by regeneration adsorption experiment.Results At an initial concentration of 300 μg/mL, the adsorption capacities of Daidzein-Naringin/SMIPs (D-N/SMIPs) towards daidzein and naringin was 21.05 mg/g and 27.45 mg/g, respectively. The results fitted by pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Langmuir and Freundlich models indicated that the adsorption behavior of D-N/SMIPs to daidzein and naringenin was mainly monomolecular layer chemical adsorption. D-N/SMIPs showed good selective recognition abilities to daidzein and naringenin, with an imprinting factor (IF) of 2.05 for daidzein and 2.43 for naringenin, which was much higher than that of 0.88 for quercetin, 1.17 for alizarin, and 1.26 for rutin and can be targeted for adsorption and separation of target compounds. Moreover, the adsorption capacity of D-N/SMIPs for daidzein and naringenin remained at 16.58 mg/g and 20.08 mg/g even after nine adsorption-desorption cycles, and the structure was stable and could be used for repeated separation. Conclusion The prepared SMIPs have good selective adsorption capacity to template molecules and can be used for rapid targeted separation of daidzein and naringenin.

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国家自然科学基金项目（32271527）;国家自然科学基金项目（32371536）;国家自然科学基金项目（32301259）;浙江省“尖兵”“领雁”研发攻关计划（2022C02023，2023C02032，2023C02015）