淫羊藿素是中国传统中药淫羊藿Epimedii Folium的单体有效成分。其结构含有稠合苯并吡喃环骨架，是一种具有广泛生物活性的异戊二烯类黄酮衍生物。近年来的研究发现，淫羊藿素在多个生物医学领域表现出显著的药理作用，包括抗肿瘤、抗炎、免疫调节、抗肝纤维化和抗骨质疏松等，显示了其作为新型治疗剂的潜力，具有良好的临床应用前景。基于近年来国内外淫羊藿素的研究现状，对其主要药理作用及其机制的研究进展进行综述，为淫羊藿素的临床应用以及新药研发提供参考。

Icaritin is the active component of the traditional Chinese medicine Yinyanghuo (Epimedii Folium). Its structure contains a condensed benzopyran ring skeleton, and it represents a class of isoprenoid-derived flavonoids with extensive biological activities. Recent research has revealed that icariin exhibits remarkable pharmacological effects including antitumor, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-hepatic fibrosis, and anti-osteoporotic properties, demonstrating its potential as a novel therapeutic agent with promising clinical applications. Based on the current research status of icaritin both domestically and internationally, this article provides a comprehensive review of its primary pharmacological effects and its mechanisms, aiming to serve as a reference for the clinical application and new drug development.

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上海市卫生健康委员会中医药科研项目（2024QN057）；国家重点研发计划项目（2022YFC3502000）；军队后勤科研项目（BHJ22J020）；海军军医大学“深蓝”工程启航人才计划；海军军医大学教学成果立项培育项目（JPY2024B06）