目的 对甘青乌头Aconitum tanguticum抗炎活性部位中的化学成分进行研究，以阐明其清热解毒的药效物质基础。方法 采用脂多糖诱导的小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7的炎症模型，以NO释放量为评价指标考察甘青乌头各部位的抗炎活性，确定活性部位，然后采用多种现代色谱技术对活性部位的化学成分进行分离纯化，经过光谱技术以及与文献值比对的方法鉴定化合物结构。结果 甘青乌头乙醇提取物上大孔吸附树脂后的30%乙醇洗脱部位抗炎活性最好，从该部位中共分离鉴定了13个化合物，分别是香草酸（1）、七聚己内酰胺（2）、榜嘎苷D（3）、槲皮素-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖基-(1→2)-[β-D-葡萄糖基-(1→3)-α-L-(4-O-反式-对香豆酰基鼠李糖基)-(1→6)]-β-D-甘露糖基-7-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷（4）、山柰酚-3-O-[α-L-鼠李糖基-(1→6)-β-D-甘露糖基-7-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷（5）、4-二羟基苯乙氧基-8-O-β-D-[6-O-(4-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基)-阿魏酰基]-吡喃葡萄糖苷（6）、榜嘎苷C（7）、山柰酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖基-(1→2)-[α-L-鼠李糖基-(1→6)]-β-D-甘露糖基-7-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷（8）、槲皮素3-O-α-L-鼠李糖基-(1→6)-β-D-甘露糖基-7-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷（9）、榜嘎苷A（10）、2-甲氧基-4-羧基-苯基-O-β-D-[6-O-(4-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基)-阿魏酰基]-吡喃葡萄糖苷（11）、槲皮素-3-O-[β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→3)-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→6)-β-D-吡喃半乳糖基]-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→3)-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖苷（12）、槲皮素-3-O-[β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→3)-(4-O-反式-咖啡酰基)-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→6)-β-D-吡喃半乳糖基]-7-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖苷（13）。结论 化合物11～13为新化合物，分别命名为榜嘎酸A、榜嘎苷E、榜嘎苷F；化合物8为首次从甘青乌头中分离得到，研究结果不仅部分阐明了甘青乌头清热解毒的药效物质基础，而且丰富了天然产物的结构类型。

Objective To study chemical components in the anti-inflammatory active fractions of Aconitum tanguticum, so as to elucidate the pharmacodynamic substance basis for its heat-clearing and detoxifying properties. Methods An inflammatory model of mouse macrophage cells RAW264.7 induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used, with NO release as the evaluation index to investigate the anti-inflammatory activities of various parts of A. tanguticum and determine the active fractions. And a variety of modern chromatographic techniques were then employed to separate and purify the chemical constituents in these active fractions. The structures of the compounds were identified by four major spectroscopic techniques and comparison with literature values. Results The 30% ethanol elution fraction from the ethanol extract of A. tanguticum after treatment with macroporous adsorption resin showed the best anti-inflammatory activity. From this fraction, a total of 13 compounds were separated and identified, including vanillic acid (1), PA6 heptamer (2), ponkaroside D (3), quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-α-L-(4-O-trans-p-coumaroyl-rhamnopyranosyl)-(1→6)]-β-D-galactopyranoside-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (4), kaempferol-3-O-[α-L-rhamno- pyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-galactopyranoside]⁻7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (5), 4-dihydroxyphenethoxy-8-O-β-D-[6-O-(4-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-feruloyl]-glucopyranoside (6), ponkaroside C (7), kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)]-β-D-galactopyranoside-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (8), quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-galactopyranoside-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (9), ponkaroside A (10), 2-methoxy-4-carboxyl-phenyl-O-β-D-[6-O-(4-O-β-D- glucopyranosyl)-feruloyl]-glucopyranoside (ponka acid A, 11), quercetin-3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-galactopyranoside]-7-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (ponkaroside E, 12), quercetin-3-O-[β-D- glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-(4-O-trans-p-caffeoyl)-α-L-rhamnopyranosy-(1→6)-β-D-rhamnopyranosyl]-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosy (ponkaroside F, 13). Conclusion Compounds 11—13 are new compounds, named as ponka acid A, ponkaroside E, and ponkaroside E respectively, and compound 8 was isolated from A. tanguticum for the first time. The research results not only partially elucidate the pharmacodynamic substance basis of A. tanguticum for heat-clearing and detoxifying properties, but also enrich the structural types of natural products.

R284.1

中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目（CI2021A04402，CI2021A04412，CI2021A04206，CI2021A04807）