蛹虫草Cordyceps militaris是食药两用真菌，在传统医学中应用广泛，并于2009年被我国卫生部批准为新资源食品。已有研究表明，蛹虫草提取物及其活性成分（虫草多糖、虫草素等）具有多种药理作用。从化学成分、体内/体外药理作用和产业化现状3个方面对蛹虫草相关文献进行梳理，对其调节免疫、抗肿瘤、调血脂、神经保护等药理作用及其相关大健康产品进行综述，并指出蛹虫草在药效物质基础发现、大健康产品研发方面存在的问题及解决思路，以期充分发掘其菌种资源，创造更大的医药价值、经济价值和社会价值。

Yongchongcao (Cordyceps militaris) is an edible and medicinal fungi that has been widely used in traditional medicine. It was approved as a new resource food by the Ministry of Health of China in 2009. Numerous studies have shown that C. militaris extract and its active ingredients, such as cordyceps polysaccharides and cordycepin, exhibit various pharmacological effects. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the literature on C. militaris, focusing on its chemical composition, in vivo/vitro pharmacological effects, industrialization, and its pharmacological effects such as immunomodulation, antitumor properties, hypolipidemic effects, neuroprotection and its related great health products are reviewed. The study also identifies the challenges in discovering the pharmacodynamic material basis and the research and development of great health products using C. militaris and proposes ideas for addressing these challenges, in order to fully explore the resources of this fungi and create greater medical, economic, and social values.

国家自然科学基金青年项目（82204656）；山东省自然科学基金青年项目（ZR2022QH299）