目的 对不同产地铁皮石斛Dendrobium officinale茎中的内生真菌群落与农艺性状进行分析，为内生真菌与铁皮石斛差异农艺性状形成的相关性研究提供基础。方法 对采自安徽霍山（AHHS）、贵州独山（GZDS）、云南孟连（YNML）的112份铁皮石斛进行农艺性状测量，ITS测序分析内生真菌群落结构，R语言分析不同产地内生真菌丰度与宿主农艺性状的相关性。结果 差异性分析发现3个产地的铁皮石斛在株高、茎长、茎粗均具有显著性差异（P＜0.05）。内生真菌ITS检测共获得923条特征序列，可注释到3个门、138个属，产地间的铁皮石斛内生真菌在属水平上存在差异，其中AHHS的真菌群落多样性与其他产地具有显著性差异。相关分析表明，内生真菌Gibberella与宿主的株高、茎长、茎粗呈显著负相关（P＜0.05）。结论 不同产地铁皮石斛茎的差异农艺性状形成与共有内生真菌的丰度的改变密切相关。

Objective To analyze the endophytic fungal communities and agronomic characters of Dendrobium officinale stems collected from different habitats, in order to provide the basis for the correlation studies between endophytic fungi and formation of variations agronomic traits of D. officinale. Methods A total of 112 D. officinale samples were respectively collected from Anhui Huoshan (AHHS), Guizhou Dushan (GZDS) and Yunnan Menglian (YNML) and surveyed for their agronomic traits. The endophytic fungi community structure was analyzed by ITS sequencing, and the correlation between the abundance of endophytic fungi in different habitats and the host agronomic traits were analyzed by R language. Results The difference analysis showed that there were significant differences in plant height, stem length and stem diameter of D. officinale from the three habitats (P＜0.05). A total of 923 characteristic sequences of endophytic fungi were obtained by ITS assay, which could be annotated to three phylum, 138 genus. The distribution difference of endophytic fungi in D. officinale from different habitats were shown at genus level, and the diversities of AHHS fungal community were significantly different from that of other places. The relative correlation analysis showed there were negative correlation between endophytic fungus Gibberella and the plant height, stem length, stem diameter of the host (P < 0.05). Conclusion The different agronomic traits formation of stems in different habitats were closely related to the changes in abundance of endophytic fungi which were common in D. officinale.

R286.2

国家自然科学基金项目（31960074）；贵州省科学技术基金项目（黔科平台人才[2019]-027，黔科合平台人才[2017]5733-050，黔科合支撑[2019]2961号）；遵义市科技局遵义医科大学科学技术联合资金招标专项（遵义市合HZ字（2020）91号）