[关键词]
[摘要]
脑小血管病(cerebral small vessel disease,CSVD)是由于颅内微小血管的动态弥漫性病变所致的脑微血管疾病,是脑卒中和血管性痴呆的主要病因,具有高隐匿性、高发病率、高致残率等特点,发病机制可能与脑血流量减少或慢性大脑低灌注、内皮功能障碍、血-脑脊液屏障功能受损、炎症反应和遗传等因素有关。为有效探寻CSVD的中西医病理机制及防治方法,制备合适的且能展示中医药特色优势的动物模型尤为重要。当前构建的CSVD动物模型有低灌注损伤CSVD模型、高血压靶器官损伤CSVD模型、基因修饰CSVD模型、微小栓子栓塞CSVD模型等。从CSVD模型的建立、行为学与病理改变、模型的优缺点等角度综述了近年来国内外有关CSVD动物模型的研究进展,旨在为深入探索CSVD的发病机制和靶向防治脑小血管病的创新药物研发提供模式动物参考。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is a cerebrovascular disease caused by dynamic diffuse lesions of intracranial microvascular. It is the main cause of stroke and vascular dementia, with high concealment, high incidence rate and high disability rate. Its pathogenesis may be related to reduced cerebral blood flow or chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, endothelial dysfunction, impaired blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier function, inflammatory response and heredity. Therefore, in order to effectively explore the pathological mechanism and prevention methods of CSVD in traditional Chinese and Western medicine, it is particularly important to prepare suitable animal models that can demonstrate the characteristics and advantages of traditional Chinese medicine. The current CSVD animal models include low perfusion injury CSVD model, hypertension target organ injury CSVD model, gene modified CSVD model, and microembolization CSVD model. Research progress on animal models of CSVD at home and abroad in recent years from the perspectives of model establishment, behavior, pathological changes, and advantages and disadvantages of models were reviewed in this paper, in order to provide model animal reference for in-depth exploration of the pathogenesis of CSVD and for innovative drug research and development for the prevention and treatment of the disease.
[中图分类号]
[基金项目]
国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1704904);湖南省科学技术厅省重点研发计划项目(2022SK2016);湖南中医药大学中西医结合一流学科重点项目(2021ZXYJH01)